Numeri 16:42 (Numbers 16:42)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:42 Cumque oriretur seditio, et tumultus incresceret,

And when a rebellion was rising, and the tumult was increasing,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 oriretur was rising 3SG.IMP.DEP.SUBJ
3 seditio rebellion NOM.SG.F
4 et and CONJ
5 tumultus tumult NOM.SG.M
6 incresceret was increasing 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque oriretur seditio — introduces a circumstantial clause with subjunctive, “when a rebellion was rising.”

Coordinated Clause: et tumultus incresceret — parallel action, describing escalation.

Subjects: seditio and tumultus — two separate but related developments.

Verbs: oriretur and incresceret — both in imperfect subjunctive, describing ongoing action in past narrative context.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cumque; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction; Form: conjunction with enclitic -que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: links clause to prior narrative with temporal nuance.
  2. oriretur — Lemma: orior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect deponent subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: was rising; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning, indicating emergence.
  3. seditio — Lemma: seditio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: rebellion; Notes: organized unrest or uprising.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: joins parallel developments.
  5. tumultus — Lemma: tumultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: tumult; Notes: disorderly commotion.
  6. incresceret — Lemma: incresco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of coordinated clause; Translation: was increasing; Notes: expresses gradual intensification.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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