Numeri 16:43 (Numbers 16:43)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:43 Moyses et Aaron fugerunt ad tabernaculum fœderis. Quod, postquam ingressi sunt, operuit nubes, et apparuit gloria Domini.

Moyses and Aaron fled to the tabernacle of the covenant. And after they had entered, the cloud covered it, and the glory of the LORD appeared.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M.INDECL
4 fugerunt fled 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 tabernaculum tabernacle ACC.SG.N
7 fœderis of covenant GEN.SG.N
8 Quod and CONJ
9 postquam after CONJ
10 ingressi having entered NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF
11 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 operuit covered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 nubes cloud NOM.SG.F
14 et and CONJ
15 apparuit appeared 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
16 gloria glory NOM.SG.F
17 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Moyses et Aaron (subject) + fugerunt (verb) + ad tabernaculum fœderis (directional phrase)

Temporal Clause: postquam ingressi sunt — indicates time, “after they had entered.”

Main Clause 2: nubes operuit — subject nubes with verb operuit.

Coordinated Clause: et apparuit gloria Domini — second action following the covering.

Morphology

  1. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latin form retained.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links subjects; Translation: and; Notes: joins Moyses and Aaron.
  3. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: indeclinable form.
  4. fugerunt — Lemma: fugio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: fled; Notes: completed action.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: movement toward.
  6. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: sacred tent.
  7. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of covenant; Notes: specifies sacred relationship.
  8. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: connective usage here.
  9. postquam — Lemma: postquam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: after; Notes: indicates sequence.
  10. ingressi — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect participle deponent; Function: part of verb phrase; Translation: having entered; Notes: deponent form.
  11. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: completes perfect construction.
  12. operuit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: covered; Notes: completed action.
  13. nubes — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: cloud; Notes: divine presence symbol.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  15. apparuit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb; Translation: appeared; Notes: manifestation.
  16. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: glory; Notes: divine radiance.
  17. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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