Exodus 10:14

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:14 Quæ ascenderunt super universam Terram Ægypti: et sederunt in cunctis finibus Ægyptiorum innumerabiles, quales ante illud tempus non fuerant, nec postea futuræ sunt.

And they went up over all the Land of Egypt, and settled in every border of the Egyptians, innumerable, such as before that time had not been, nor afterward shall be.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quæ which NOM.PL.F
2 ascenderunt went up 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
3 super over PREP+ACC
4 universam all ACC.SG.F
5 Terram Land ACC.SG.F
6 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
7 et and CONJ
8 sederunt settled 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
9 in in PREP+ABL
10 cunctis all ABL.PL.M
11 finibus borders ABL.PL.M
12 Ægyptiorum of the Egyptians GEN.PL.M
13 innumerabiles innumerable NOM.PL.F
14 quales such as NOM.PL.F
15 ante before PREP+ACC
16 illud that ACC.SG.N
17 tempus time ACC.SG.N
18 non not ADV
19 fuerant had been 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
20 nec nor CONJ
21 postea afterward ADV
22 futuræ about to be NOM.PL.F.FUT.PASS.PTCP
23 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Relative Clause (primary):
Subject: Quæ (referring to locusts)
Verbs: ascenderunt + sederunt
Phrases:
– super universam Terram Ægypti — prepositional phrase of extent
– in cunctis finibus Ægyptiorum — locative phrase

Description Clause:
innumerabiles — nominative predicate adjective modifying the locusts

Comparative Clause:
quales ante illud tempus non fuerant — quales introduces comparison; fuerant is pluperfect

Negative Future Clause:
nec postea futuræ sunt — future passive periphrasis indicating impossibility of recurrence

Morphology

  1. Quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to the locusts.
  2. ascenderunt — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: first verb of relative clause; Translation: “went up”; Notes: completed movement.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: “over”; Notes: indicates coverage.
  4. universam — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies Terram; Translation: “all”; Notes: total scope.
  5. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: “Land”; Notes: Egypt’s land.
  6. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: geographic identifier.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links verbs; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  8. sederunt — Lemma: sedeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: second verb; Translation: “settled”; Notes: stationary result.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: static location.
  10. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies finibus; Translation: “all”; Notes: intensifies plurality.
  11. finibus — Lemma: finis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “borders”; Notes: territorial boundaries.
  12. Ægyptiorum — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of the Egyptians”; Notes: ethnic designation.
  13. innumerabiles — Lemma: innumerabilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “innumerable”; Notes: describes magnitude.
  14. quales — Lemma: qualis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: comparative marker; Translation: “such as”; Notes: sets comparison.
  15. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal; Translation: “before”; Notes: marks prior time.
  16. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ante; Translation: “that”; Notes: demonstrative.
  17. tempus — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: complement of ante; Translation: “time”; Notes: temporal anchor.
  18. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negator; Function: negates fuerant; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard negative.
  19. fuerant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active indicative third plural; Function: verb of clause; Translation: “had been”; Notes: completed anterior action.
  20. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating negative; Function: links negatives; Translation: “nor”; Notes: introduces second negative clause.
  21. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: temporal adverb; Translation: “afterward”; Notes: contrasts with ante.
  22. futuræ — Lemma: futurus; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural feminine future passive participle; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “about to be”; Notes: expresses future impossibility.
  23. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third plural; Function: copula; Translation: “are”; Notes: completes periphrastic future.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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