Exodus 10:13

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:13 Et extendit Moyses virgam super terram Ægypti: et Dominus induxit ventum urentem tota die illa, et nocte: et mane facto, ventus urens levavit locustas.

And Moyses stretched out the rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought in a burning wind all that day and night, and when morning had come, the burning wind lifted up the locusts.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 extendit stretched out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 virgam rod / staff ACC.SG.F
5 super over PREP+ACC
6 terram land ACC.SG.F
7 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
8 et and CONJ
9 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
10 induxit brought in 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 ventum wind ACC.SG.M
12 urentem burning ACC.SG.M.PRES.ACT.PTCP
13 tota all ABL.SG.F
14 die day ABL.SG.F
15 illa that ABL.SG.F
16 et and CONJ
17 nocte night ABL.SG.F
18 et and CONJ
19 mane morning ABL.SG.N
20 facto having happened ABL.SG.N.PERF.PASS.PTCP
21 ventus wind NOM.SG.M
22 urens burning NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT.PTCP
23 levavit lifted up 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
24 locustas locusts ACC.PL.F

Syntax

Clause 1:
Subject: Moyses
Verb: extendit
Object: virgam
Prepositional Phrase: super terram Ægypti

Clause 2:
Subject: Dominus
Verb: induxit
Object: ventum urentem
Temporal Phrases: tota die illa, et nocte

Clause 3 (temporal):
mane facto — ablative absolute (“when morning had come”)

Clause 4:
Subject: ventus urens
Verb: levavit
Object: locustas

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: common narrative connector.
  2. extendit — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “stretched out”; Notes: completed action.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Greek declension.
  4. virgam — Lemma: virga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “rod / staff”; Notes: instrument of miracles.
  5. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: “over”; Notes: indicates direction.
  6. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “land”; Notes: refers to Egypt.
  7. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: geographical name.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: standard connective.
  9. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. induxit — Lemma: induco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “brought in”; Notes: expresses divine causation.
  11. ventum — Lemma: ventus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “wind”; Notes: object of divine action.
  12. urentem — Lemma: uro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular masculine present active participle; Function: modifies ventum; Translation: “burning”; Notes: describes character of wind.
  13. tota — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “all”; Notes: intensifies duration.
  14. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “day”; Notes: feminine by convention.
  15. illa — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “that”; Notes: demonstrative emphasis.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins temporal phrases; Translation: “and”; Notes: normal connective.
  17. nocte — Lemma: nox; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “night”; Notes: continues duration.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: continues series; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  19. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: “morning”; Notes: temporal phrase.
  20. facto — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular neuter perfect passive participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: “having happened”; Notes: marks completed event.
  21. ventus — Lemma: ventus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “wind”; Notes: repeated subject.
  22. urens — Lemma: uro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine present active participle; Function: modifies ventus; Translation: “burning”; Notes: descriptive.
  23. levavit — Lemma: levō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “lifted up”; Notes: decisive action.
  24. locustas — Lemma: locusta; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “locusts”; Notes: collective swarm context.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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