Exodus 10:24

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:24 Vocavitque Pharao Moysen et Aaron, et dixit eis: Ite, sacrificate Domino: oves tantum vestræ, et armenta remaneant, parvuli vestri eant vobiscum.

And Pharao called Moyses and Aaron, and he said to them: “Go, sacrifice to the LORD; only your sheep and your cattle must remain, your little ones may go with you.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vocavitque and he called 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND+ENCLITIC
2 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
3 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 eis to them DAT.PL.M
9 Ite go 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
10 sacrificate sacrifice 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
11 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
12 oves sheep NOM.PL.F
13 tantum only ADV
14 vestræ your NOM.PL.F
15 et and CONJ
16 armenta cattle NOM.PL.N
17 remaneant may remain 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
18 parvuli little ones NOM.PL.M
19 vestri your NOM.PL.M
20 eant may go 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
21 vobiscum with you PREP+ABL

Syntax

Main Narrative Clause:
Subject: Pharao
Verb: Vocavitque — “and he called”
Objects: Moysen and Aaron

Speech Clause:
Verb: dixit
Indirect Object: eis

Imperatives:
Ite — “Go”
sacrificate Domino — “sacrifice to the LORD”

Restrictions by Pharaoh:
oves tantum vestræ — “only your sheep”
armenta remaneant — jussive subjunctive “your cattle must remain”

Permission Clause:
parvuli vestri — “your little ones” (subject)
eant vobiscum — “may go with you”

Morphology

  1. Vocavitque — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular + enclitic -que; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and he called”; Notes: -que links to prior narrative action.
  2. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Egyptian royal title rendered in Latin.
  3. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Hebrew name.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links coordinate objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: basic connector.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second object of Vocavit; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: Hebrew priestly name.
  6. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: narrative perfect.
  7. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to them”; Notes: refers to Moses and Aaron.
  8. Ite — Lemma: eo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “go”; Notes: starting point of Pharaoh’s conditional permission.
  9. sacrificate — Lemma: sacrifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd plural; Function: second command; Translation: “sacrifice”; Notes: common religious verb.
  10. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of sacrificate; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  11. oves — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of understood “remain”; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: denotes flock animals.
  12. tantum — Lemma: tantum; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverbial; Function: restricts statement; Translation: “only”; Notes: limiting word.
  13. vestræ — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies oves; Translation: “your”; Notes: second-person plural possessive.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links oves and armenta; Translation: “and”; Notes: additive.
  15. armenta — Lemma: armentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of remaneant; Translation: “cattle”; Notes: herd animals.
  16. remaneant — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd plural; Function: jussive (“must remain”); Translation: “may remain”; Notes: expresses constraint imposed by Pharaoh.
  17. parvuli — Lemma: parvulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of eant; Translation: “little ones”; Notes: refers to children.
  18. vestri — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies parvuli; Translation: “your”; Notes: possessive.
  19. eant — Lemma: eo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd plural; Function: jussive permission; Translation: “may go”; Notes: expresses what Pharaoh allows.
  20. vobiscum — Lemma: cum + vos; Part of Speech: prepositional phrase; Form: ablative plural; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with you”; Notes: enclitic cum form.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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