Exodus 16:1

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:1 Profectique sunt de Elim, et venit omnis multitudo filiorum Israel in desertum Sin, quod est inter Elim et Sinai: quintodecimo die mensis secundi, postquam egressi sunt de terra Ægypti.

And they set out from Elim, and all the multitude of the sons of Israel came into the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after they had gone out from the land of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Profectique and having set out PERF.ACT.PTCP.NOM.PL.M
2 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 Elim Elim NOM/ABL.SG.INDECL
5 et and CONJ
6 venit came 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 omnis all NOM.SG.F
8 multitudo multitude NOM.SG.F
9 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
10 Israel Israel GEN.SG.INDECL
11 in into PREP+ACC
12 desertum wilderness ACC.SG.N
13 Sin Sin ACC.SG.INDECL
14 quod which NOM.SG.N
15 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
16 inter between PREP+ACC
17 Elim Elim ACC.SG.INDECL
18 et and CONJ
19 Sinai Sinai ACC.SG.INDECL
20 quintodecimo fifteenth ABL.SG.M
21 die day ABL.SG.M
22 mensis of the month GEN.SG.M
23 secundi second GEN.SG.M
24 postquam after CONJ
25 egressi having gone out PERF.ACT.PTCP.NOM.PL.M
26 sunt they have 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
27 de from PREP+ABL
28 terra land ABL.SG.F
29 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause 1: Profectique sunt — compound verbal idea “and they set out,” no expressed subject (implied “they”).
Prepositional phrase: de Elim — origin.

Main clause 2: venit omnis multitudo —
Subject: omnis multitudo
Verb: venit
Object/Goal: in desertum Sin

Relative clause: quod est inter Elim et Sinai — describes “desertum Sin.”

Temporal phrase: quintodecimo die mensis secundi — specifies time.

Subordinate clause: postquam egressi sunt de terra Ægypti — action prior to main clause.

Morphology

  1. Profectique — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect active participle nominative plural masculine; Function: part of compound predicate; Translation: “having set out”; Notes: -que adds “and.”
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “they are”; Notes: supports participle.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: standard spatial usage.
  4. Elim — Lemma: Elim; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “Elim”; Notes: geographical name.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple copulative.
  6. venit — Lemma: venio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “came”; Notes: narrates action.
  7. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies multitudo; Translation: “all”; Notes: agrees in gender and number.
  8. multitudo — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “multitude”; Notes: collective noun.
  9. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of sons”; Notes: denotes relation.
  10. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable genitive; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: ethnic designation.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates motion into; Translation: “into”; Notes: directional use.
  12. desertum — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: geographical terrain.
  13. Sin — Lemma: Sin; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable accusative; Function: specifies desertum; Translation: “Sin”; Notes: place-name.
  14. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to “desert.”
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links subject and complement.
  16. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses location; Translation: “between”; Notes: standard usage.
  17. Elim — Lemma: Elim; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable accusative; Function: object of inter; Translation: “Elim”; Notes: place-name.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins objects of preposition.
  19. Sinai — Lemma: Sinai; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable accusative; Function: object of inter; Translation: “Sinai”; Notes: mountain name.
  20. quintodecimo — Lemma: quintodecimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “fifteenth”; Notes: forms temporal marker.
  21. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: time expression; Translation: “day”; Notes: ablative of time when.
  22. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possession; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: partitive idea.
  23. secundi — Lemma: secundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies mensis; Translation: “second”; Notes: ordinal use.
  24. postquam — Lemma: postquam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “after”; Notes: common for anterior action.
  25. egressi — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect active participle nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: deponent verb.
  26. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “they have”; Notes: completes participial idea.
  27. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: standard usage.
  28. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “land”; Notes: generic noun.
  29. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: limits terra; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: geographical reference.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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