Exodus 16:2

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16’2 Et murmuravit omnis congregatio filiorum Israel contra Moysen et Aaron in solitudine.

And all the congregation of the sons of Israel murmured against Moyses and Aaron in the wilderness.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 murmuravit murmured 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 omnis all NOM.SG.F
4 congregatio congregation NOM.SG.F
5 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
6 Israel Israel GEN.SG.INDECL
7 contra against PREP+ACC
8 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
11 in in PREP+ABL
12 solitudine wilderness ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause: murmuravit omnis congregatio filiorum Israel
Subject: omnis congregatio filiorum Israel
Verb: murmuravit

Prepositional phrase of opposition: contra Moysen et Aaron — expresses target of complaint.

Locative phrase: in solitudine — specifies place where the murmuring occurred.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links to previous narrative; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive connector.
  2. murmuravit — Lemma: murmuro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “murmured”; Notes: expresses completed action in narrative.
  3. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies congregatio; Translation: “all”; Notes: agrees with noun in gender, number, case.
  4. congregatio — Lemma: congregatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “congregation”; Notes: collective noun.
  5. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive/genitival modifier; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: partitive/ancestral relationship.
  6. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable genitive; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: ethnic designation.
  7. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: often used for antagonistic direction.
  8. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: proper name.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: links two objects of contra.
  10. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: proper name.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: “in”; Notes: static locative usage.
  12. solitudine — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: locative complement; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: expresses place where action occurred.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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