Exodus 3:21

Posted on February 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 3:21 Daboque gratiam populo huic coram Ægyptiis: et cum egrediemini, non exibitis vacui:

And I will give favor to this people before the Egyptians, and when you go out, you will not go out empty;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Daboque and I will give 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 gratiam favor ACC.SG.F
3 populo to the people DAT.SG.M
4 huic to this DAT.SG.M.DEM
5 coram before PREP+ABL
6 Ægyptiis the Egyptians ABL.PL.M
7 et and CONJ
8 cum when SUB.CONJ
9 egrediemini you will go out 2PL.FUT.MID.IND (DEP)
10 non not NEG.PART
11 exibitis you will go out 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
12 vacui empty NOM.PL.M.ADJ

Syntax

Main Divine Action:
Daboque gratiam populo huic — “And I will give favor to this people.”
• Daboque = future verb with enclitic joining to prior speech.
• gratiam = direct object.
• populo huic = indirect object phrase.

Context Phrase:
coram Ægyptiis — “before the Egyptians.”
• coram + ablative expresses “in the presence of.”

Temporal Clause:
et cum egrediemini — “and when you go out.”
• egrediemini = future deponent, active meaning.

Negative Result:
non exibitis vacui — “you will not go out empty.”
• vacui = predicate adjective describing subject.

Morphology

  1. Daboque — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st singular future active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main verb of future divine action; Translation: “and I will give”; Notes: Enclitic -que joins the verb to the preceding coordinated divine declarations.
  2. gratiam — Lemma: gratia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of dabo; Translation: “favor”; Notes: Common in biblical Latin for divine goodwill bestowed on a people.
  3. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the people”; Notes: Dative of advantage referring to Israel.
  4. huic — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective/pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: modifies populo; Translation: “to this”; Notes: Demonstrative specifying the particular people.
  5. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses presence/before; Translation: “before”; Notes: Regularly used in juridical or public settings.
  6. Ægyptiis — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: “the Egyptians”; Notes: Ablative of personal presence.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the sequence of divine assurances.
  8. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: Temporal, not causal.
  9. egrediemini — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 2nd plural future indicative; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “you will go out”; Notes: Deponent with active sense, common in narrative departure contexts.
  10. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative particle; Function: negation of the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Standard clausal negation.
  11. exibitis — Lemma: exeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd plural future active indicative; Function: main verb of the negative result clause; Translation: “you will go out”; Notes: Contrasts with the deponent egrediemini by using the simple future active.
  12. vacui — Lemma: vacuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate adjective describing the subject; Translation: “empty”; Notes: Predicate position indicating the state in which they will not leave.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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