Ex 30:22 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen,
And the LORD spoke to Moyses,
| # |
Latin |
Gloss |
Grammar Tag |
| 1 |
Locutusque |
and spoke |
NOM.SG.M PTCP.PERF.DEP + CONJ |
| 2 |
est |
has |
3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG |
| 3 |
Dominus |
the LORD |
NOM.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL |
| 4 |
ad |
to |
PREP+ACC INDECL |
| 5 |
Moysen |
Moses |
ACC.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL |
Syntax
Main Clause: Locutusque est Dominus — perfect deponent construction meaning “the LORD spoke.”
Prepositional Phrase: ad Moysen — recipient of divine speech.
Enclitic: -que — links this action with the preceding narrative.
Morphology
- Locutusque — Lemma: loquor + que; Part of Speech: participle (deponent) + enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: agrees with Dominus as subject; Translation: and spoke; Notes: deponent participle with active meaning.
- est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: auxiliary forming perfect; Translation: has; Notes: required partner in deponent perfect construction.
- Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH per rule.
- ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates recipient; Translation: to; Notes: standard formula introducing divine address.
- Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: 3rd-declension form of Hebrew proper name.
About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus
Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546.
The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.