Exodus 39:25

Posted on March 30, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 39:25 Fecerunt et tunicas byssinas opere textili Aaron et filiis eius:

And they made linen tunics of woven work for Aaron and for his sons;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecerunt they made 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
2 et and CONJ
3 tunicas tunics NOUN.ACC.PL.F
4 byssinas linen ADJ.ACC.PL.F
5 opere with work NOUN.ABL.SG.N
6 textili woven ADJ.ABL.SG.N
7 Aaron for Aaron NOUN.DAT.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 filiis for sons NOUN.DAT.PL.M
10 eius of him / his PRON.GEN.SG.M

Syntax

The main verb Fecerunt (“they made”) introduces another item in the list of garments created for the priestly ministry.
The coordinated noun phrase tunicas byssinas (“linen tunics”) is the direct object.

The ablative phrase opere textili (“with woven work”) functions as an ablative of manner or specification, indicating the craftsmanship used.

The dative phrase Aaron et filiis eius specifies the intended recipients of the tunics.

Morphology

  1. Fecerunt — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative, third conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: they made; Notes: continues the enumerated actions of the artisans.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses and coordinated items; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  3. tunicas — Lemma: tunica; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object of Fecerunt; Translation: tunics; Notes: refers to priestly undergarments.
  4. byssinas — Lemma: byssinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies tunicas; Translation: linen; Notes: indicates fine linen made from “byssus,” a high-quality textile.
  5. opere — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, third declension; Function: ablative of manner or specification; Translation: with work; Notes: describes how the tunics were made.
  6. textili — Lemma: textilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies opere; Translation: woven; Notes: refers to textile craftsmanship rather than embroidery.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: for Aaron; Notes: identifies the High Priest as recipient.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins coordinated recipients; Translation: and; Notes: standard connective.
  9. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to sons; Notes: refers to Aaron’s sons serving as priests.
  10. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of filiis; Translation: his; Notes: refers back to Aaron.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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