Exodus 7:25

Posted on February 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 7:25 Impletique sunt septem dies, postquam percussit Dominus fluvium.

And seven days were completed after the LORD struck the river.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Impletique and were completed PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.PL.M/N + ENCLITIC
2 sunt were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 septem seven INDECL.NUM
4 dies days NOM.PL.M/F
5 postquam after CONJ
6 percussit struck 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
8 fluvium river ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main clause:
Impletique sunt septem dies — Verb phrase formed by Impletique (perfect passive participle + enclitic -que) and auxiliary sunt; subject: septem dies.
Meaning: “seven days were completed.”

Subordinate temporal clause:
postquam percussit Dominus fluvium — Introduced by postquam; verb: percussit; subject: Dominus; object: fluvium.
Meaning: “after the LORD struck the river.”

Morphology

  1. Impletique — Lemma: impleo; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic; Form: nominative plural masculine/neuter perfect passive participle with enclitic -que; Function: forms part of the passive verb phrase with sunt; Translation: and were completed; Notes: enclitic -que connects the action to prior narrative; passive participle expresses completed state.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb completing the passive construction; Translation: were; Notes: combines with participle to express a completed past passive action.
  3. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numerical modifier of dies; Translation: seven; Notes: standard Latin cardinal numeral.
  4. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine/feminine; Function: subject of Impletique sunt; Translation: days; Notes: one of the few nouns commonly used in both masculine and feminine genders.
  5. postquam — Lemma: postquam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a temporal subordinate clause; Translation: after; Notes: typically followed by perfect or historic tenses.
  6. percussit — Lemma: percutio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the temporal clause; Translation: struck; Notes: perfect tense used to mark a completed past action.
  7. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of percussit; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH; translated “LORD” according to your rules.
  8. fluvium — Lemma: flumen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of percussit; Translation: river; Notes: object of the divine action.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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