Genesis 48:22

Posted on February 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 48:22 Do tibi partem unam extra fratres tuos, quam tuli de manu Amorrhæi in gladio et arcu meo.

I give to you one portion above your brothers, which I took from the hand of the Amorrhite with my sword and my bow.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Do I give V.1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
2 tibi to you PRON.DAT.SG.2
3 partem portion N.FEM.ACC.SG
4 unam one ADJ.FEM.ACC.SG
5 extra beyond PREP+ACC
6 fratres brothers N.MASC.ACC.PL
7 tuos your POSS.ADJ.MASC.ACC.PL
8 quam which REL.PRON.ACC.SG.F
9 tuli I took V.1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 manu hand N.FEM.ABL.SG
12 Amorrhæi of the Amorite N.MASC.GEN.SG
13 in with PREP+ABL
14 gladio sword N.MASC.ABL.SG
15 et and CONJ.COORD
16 arcu bow N.MASC.ABL.SG
17 meo my POSS.ADJ.MASC.ABL.SG

Syntax

Main clause: Do tibi partem unam extra fratres tuos forms the primary action.
Do governs partem unam as the direct object and tibi as the indirect object.
extra fratres tuos expresses comparison — “beyond your brothers.”

Relative clause: quam tuli de manu Amorrhæi modifies partem unam.
tuli takes de manu Amorrhæi as its ablative phrase of source.

Instrumental ablatives: in gladio et arcu meo expresses the means by which the taking occurred.

Morphology

  1. Do — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular present active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: I give; Notes: expresses Jacob’s legal grant.
  2. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: recipient is Joseph.
  3. partem — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: portion; Notes: refers to a territorial portion.
  4. unam — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies partem; Translation: one; Notes: emphasizes an extra share.
  5. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: comparative phrase; Translation: beyond; Notes: expresses precedence over siblings.
  6. fratres — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of extra; Translation: brothers; Notes: refers to Joseph’s siblings.
  7. tuos — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies fratres; Translation: your; Notes: marks relationship.
  8. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: relates back to partem; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with partem.
  9. tuli — Lemma: fero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: I took; Notes: perfect tense narrates completed action.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: marks removal.
  11. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: hand; Notes: symbolic for possession or control.
  12. Amorrhæi — Lemma: Amorrhaeus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: of the Amorite; Notes: refers to a Canaanite group.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces instrument; Translation: with; Notes: medieval Latin often uses in + ablative for instrument.
  14. gladio — Lemma: gladius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: sword; Notes: military image.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariant; Function: joins instruments; Translation: and; Notes: simple connector.
  16. arcu — Lemma: arcus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: bow; Notes: indicates ranged weapon.
  17. meo — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies arcu; Translation: my; Notes: personal involvement in the conquest.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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