Genesis 7:13

Posted on January 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 7:13 In articulo diei illius ingressus est Noe, et Sem, et Cham, et Iapheth filii eius: uxor illius, et tres uxores filiorum eius cum eis in arcam:

In the very same day entered Noe, and Sem, and Cham, and Japheth, his sons: his wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 In in / on PREP+ABL
2 articulo very / precise point NOUN.ABL.SG.M
3 diei of the day NOUN.GEN.SG.M
4 illius that PRON.GEN.SG.M
5 ingressus having entered PART.PERF.NOM.SG.M
6 est was / has VERB.3SG.PRES.ACT.IND (AUX)
7 Noe Noe NOUN.NOM.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 Sem Sem NOUN.NOM.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Cham Cham NOUN.NOM.SG.M
12 et and CONJ
13 Iapheth Japheth NOUN.NOM.SG.M
14 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
15 eius his PRON.GEN.SG.M
16 uxor wife NOUN.NOM.SG.F
17 illius his / that one’s PRON.GEN.SG.M
18 et and CONJ
19 tres three NUM.NOM.PL.F
20 uxores wives NOUN.NOM.PL.F
21 filiorum of the sons NOUN.GEN.PL.M
22 eius his PRON.GEN.SG.M
23 cum with PREP+ABL
24 eis them PRON.ABL.PL.M
25 in into PREP+ACC
26 arcam ark NOUN.ACC.SG.F

Syntax

The temporal phrase In articulo diei illius (“in that very day”) functions as a precise temporal marker, highlighting divine immediacy and fulfillment.
The main clause ingressus est Noe employs a perfect deponent construction (“entered Noe”), followed by a coordinate list of nominative subjects joined by et: Sem, Cham, et Iapheth filii eius (“Shem, Ham, and Japheth, his sons”).
This nominative coordination expands with additional members — uxor illius (“his wife”) and tres uxores filiorum eius cum eis (“the three wives of his sons with them”) — forming a complete familial inclusion.
The prepositional phrase in arcam specifies motion toward the ark, marking the fulfillment of divine command.
The syntax, primarily paratactic, mirrors Hebrew narrative rhythm, listing each participant to emphasize obedience and preservation.

Morphology

  1. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces temporal expression; Translation: in / on; Notes: denotes exact point in time.
  2. articulo — Lemma: articulus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of “in”; Translation: very point / exact moment; Notes: idiomatic expression “in the very same day.”
  3. diei — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of the day; Notes: clarifies temporal phrase.
  4. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: Pronoun (demonstrative); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies “diei”; Translation: of that; Notes: emphasizes divine timing.
  5. ingressus — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: Participle (Deponent); Form: perfect nominative singular masculine; Function: part of periphrastic perfect; Translation: entered; Notes: deponent form with active meaning.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb (Auxiliary); Form: 3rd person singular present indicative active; Function: completes periphrastic; Translation: was / has; Notes: auxiliary for perfect deponent.
  7. Noe — Lemma: Noe; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Noe; Notes: patriarch and central actor.
  8. Sem — Lemma: Sem; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Sem; Notes: eldest son.
  9. Cham — Lemma: Cham; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Cham; Notes: second son.
  10. Iapheth — Lemma: Iapheth; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Iapheth; Notes: third son.
  11. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: sons; Notes: identifies relationship to Noe.
  12. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: his; Notes: shows paternal relation.
  13. uxor — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject in coordination; Translation: wife; Notes: refers to Noe’s spouse.
  14. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: his / that one’s; Notes: clarifies possession.
  15. tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: quantifier modifying “uxores”; Translation: three; Notes: specifies the number of wives.
  16. uxores — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: wives; Notes: plural subject tied to “tres.”
  17. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of the sons; Notes: defines whose wives are meant.
  18. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: his; Notes: reiterates familial possession.
  19. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: introduces phrase of shared participation.
  20. eis — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of “cum”; Translation: them; Notes: refers collectively to Noe and his sons.
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: denotes entry into the ark.
  22. arcam — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of “in”; Translation: ark; Notes: the vessel of divine preservation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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