Genesis 7:14

Posted on January 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 7:14 ipsi et omne animal secundum genus suum, universaque iumenta in genere suo, et omne quod movetur super terram in genere suo, cunctumque volatile secundum genus suum, universæ aves, omnesque volucres

They themselves, and every animal according to its kind, and all the cattle in their kind, and every thing that moves upon the earth in its kind, and every flying creature according to its kind, all the birds, and all winged creatures.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ipsi they themselves PRON.NOM.PL.M
2 et and CONJ
3 omne every ADJ.NOM.SG.N
4 animal animal NOUN.NOM.SG.N
5 secundum according to PREP+ACC
6 genus kind NOUN.ACC.SG.N
7 suum its own PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.N
8 universaque and all ADJ.NOM.PL.N+ENCL
9 iumenta cattle / beasts NOUN.NOM.PL.N
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 genere kind NOUN.ABL.SG.N
12 suo their own PRON.POSS.ABL.SG.N
13 et and CONJ
14 omne every ADJ.NOM.SG.N
15 quod which / that PRON.REL.NOM.SG.N
16 movetur moves VERB.3SG.PRES.IND.PASS
17 super upon PREP+ACC
18 terram earth NOUN.ACC.SG.F
19 in in PREP+ABL
20 genere kind NOUN.ABL.SG.N
21 suo its own PRON.POSS.ABL.SG.N
22 cunctumque and every ADJ.NOM.SG.N+ENCL
23 volatile flying creature NOUN.NOM.SG.N
24 secundum according to PREP+ACC
25 genus kind NOUN.ACC.SG.N
26 suum its own PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.N
27 universæ all ADJ.NOM.PL.F
28 aves birds NOUN.NOM.PL.F
29 omnesque and all ADJ.NOM.PL.F+ENCL
30 volucres winged creatures NOUN.NOM.PL.F

Syntax

The sentence is a coordinated nominative series headed by the emphatic subject ipsi (“they themselves”), followed by successive coordinated groups marked by et, universa-, and cunctum- + -que. Repeated classification phrases — secundum genus suum and in genere suo — specify taxonomic conformity. The relative clause omne quod movetur super terram adjectivally modifies omne, delimiting the land-moving creatures. The final crescendo (cunctumque volatile … universæ aves, omnesque volucres) exhaustively encompasses avian life, reinforcing total inclusion by type.

Morphology

  1. ipsi — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: Pronoun (intensive); Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: head subject; Translation: they themselves; Notes: emphatic reference to Noe’s party.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links the series.
  3. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: modifies animal; Translation: every; Notes: universal quantifier.
  4. animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject element in the series; Translation: animal; Notes: generic living creature.
  5. secundum — Lemma: secundum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: conformity phrase; Translation: according to; Notes: introduces taxonomic criterion.
  6. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of secundum; Translation: kind; Notes: species/type category.
  7. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies genus; Translation: its own; Notes: reflexive to each subject item.
  8. universaque — Lemma: universus + -que; Part of Speech: Adjective + enclitic; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: connective modifier; Translation: and all; Notes: attaches to next noun.
  9. iumenta — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject element; Translation: cattle / beasts; Notes: domesticated animals.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: state/category; Translation: in; Notes: introduces ablative of category.
  11. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: kind; Notes: classification frame.
  12. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies genere; Translation: their own; Notes: agrees with neuter genere.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: continues list.
  14. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: head of relative phrase; Translation: every; Notes: antecedent of quod.
  15. quod — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which / that; Notes: refers to omne.
  16. movetur — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person singular present indicative passive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: moves; Notes: middle/reflexive sense “moves about.”
  17. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: motion/location over a surface.
  18. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: earth; Notes: land/ground.
  19. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: state/category; Translation: in; Notes: repeats classification frame.
  20. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: kind; Notes: category of the mover.
  21. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies genere; Translation: its own; Notes: agreement in gender/case.
  22. cunctumque — Lemma: cunctus + -que; Part of Speech: Adjective + enclitic; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: connective head of next item; Translation: and every; Notes: emphatic totality.
  23. volatile — Lemma: volatile; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject element; Translation: flying creature; Notes: broad term (birds/insects).
  24. secundum — Lemma: secundum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: conformity phrase; Translation: according to; Notes: taxonomic qualifier.
  25. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of secundum; Translation: kind; Notes: classification term.
  26. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies genus; Translation: its own; Notes: reflexive.
  27. universæ — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies aves; Translation: all; Notes: complete inclusion.
  28. aves — Lemma: avis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject element; Translation: birds; Notes: avian class.
  29. omnesque — Lemma: omnis + -que; Part of Speech: Adjective + enclitic; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: connective modifier; Translation: and all; Notes: intensifies totality.
  30. volucres — Lemma: volucris; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject element; Translation: winged creatures; Notes: near-synonym of aves, poetic register.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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