Leviticus 13:57

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:57 Quod si ultra apparuerit in his locis, quæ prius immaculata erant, lepra volatilis et vaga: debet igne comburi.

But if it has appeared further in those places, which were previously spotless, a spreading and wandering leprosy; it must be burned with fire.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 ultra further ADV
4 apparuerit has appeared 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 his these ABL.PL.M DEM.PRON
7 locis places ABL.PL.M
8 quæ which NOM.PL.N REL.PRON
9 prius previously ADV
10 immaculata spotless NOM.PL.N ADJ.POS
11 erant were 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
12 lepra leprosy NOM.SG.F
13 volatilis spreading NOM.SG.F ADJ.POS
14 et and CONJ
15 vaga wandering NOM.SG.F ADJ.POS
16 debet must 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 igne with fire ABL.SG.M
18 comburi to be burned PRES.PASS.INF

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Quod si introduces the decisive alternative case.
Diagnostic Expansion: ultra apparuerit signals further manifestation beyond prior bounds.
Locative Reference: in his locis specifies the areas concerned.
Relative Qualification: quæ prius immaculata erant restricts those areas to formerly clean zones.
Subject Identification: lepra volatilis et vaga characterizes the condition as mobile and spreading.
Mandated Outcome: debet igne comburi states the required destruction by fire.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a contrasting condition; Translation: but; Notes: Legal transition marker.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: opens contingency; Translation: if; Notes: Sets the criterion.
  3. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies apparuerit; Translation: further; Notes: Indicates extension beyond earlier limits.
  4. apparuerit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of manifestation; Translation: has appeared; Notes: Subjunctive in conditional inspection.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Spatial sense.
  6. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies locis; Translation: these; Notes: Points to specified areas.
  7. locis — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: places; Notes: Physical zones of inspection.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to the places.
  9. prius — Lemma: prius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies erant; Translation: previously; Notes: Temporal qualifier.
  10. immaculata — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter positive; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: spotless; Notes: Indicates prior purity.
  11. erant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: were; Notes: Past state description.
  12. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Condition assessed.
  13. volatilis — Lemma: volatilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: spreading; Notes: Emphasizes mobility.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates adjectives; Translation: and; Notes: Links descriptors.
  15. vaga — Lemma: vagus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: wandering; Notes: Indicates lack of fixed boundary.
  16. debet — Lemma: debeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: expresses obligation; Translation: must; Notes: Legal necessity.
  17. igne — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with fire; Notes: Purifying agent.
  18. comburi — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to be burned; Notes: Prescribed destruction.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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