Leviticus 25:10

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:10 Sanctificabisque annum quinquagesimum, et vocabis remissionem cunctis habitatoribus terræ tuæ: ipse est enim iubilæus. Revertetur homo ad possessionem suam, et unusquisque rediet ad familiam pristinam:

And you shall sanctify the fiftieth year, and you shall proclaim remission to all the inhabitants of your land; for it is the jubilee. A man shall return to his possession, and each one shall return to his former family;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sanctificabisque and you shall sanctify 2SG.FUT.IND.ACT
2 annum year ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
3 quinquagesimum fiftieth ACC.SG.M.SUPER.ADJ
4 et and CONJ
5 vocabis you shall proclaim 2SG.FUT.IND.ACT
6 remissionem remission ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
7 cunctis to all DAT.PL.M
8 habitatoribus inhabitants DAT.PL.M.3RD.DECL
9 terræ of the land GEN.SG.F.1ST.DECL
10 tuæ your GEN.SG.F.POSS
11 ipse itself NOM.SG.M.DEM
12 est is 3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
13 enim for CONJ
14 iubilæus jubilee NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
15 Revertetur will return 3SG.FUT.IND.DEP
16 homo man NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
17 ad to PREP+ACC
18 possessionem possession ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
19 suam his ACC.SG.F.POSS.REFL
20 et and CONJ
21 unusquisque each one NOM.SG.M.INDEF
22 rediet will return 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
23 ad to PREP+ACC
24 familiam family ACC.SG.F.1ST.DECL
25 pristinam former ACC.SG.F.POS.ADJ

Syntax

Main Command: Sanctificabisque + annum quinquagesimum — future indicative expressing a binding command.
Coordinated Command: vocabis + remissionem with cunctis habitatoribus terræ tuæ as a dative of recipients.
Explanatory Clause: ipse est enim iubilæus — copular clause identifying the year by name and function.
Resulting Effects: Revertetur homo + ad possessionem suam; coordinated with unusquisque rediet ad familiam pristinam, describing social restoration.

Morphology

  1. Sanctificabisque — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person singular future indicative active with -que; Function: principal legal command; Translation: and you shall sanctify; Notes: The enclitic -que tightly links this act to the preceding ritual sequence.
  2. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: direct object of sanctificabis; Translation: year; Notes: The temporal unit being formally set apart.
  3. quinquagesimum — Lemma: quinquagesimus; Part of Speech: adjective (ordinal); Form: accusative singular masculine, superlative degree by form; Function: modifies annum; Translation: fiftieth; Notes: Ordinal adjectives are formally superlative in Latin morphology.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins two parallel commands.
  5. vocabis — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: declarative command; Translation: you shall proclaim; Notes: Used in legal contexts for formal announcement.
  6. remissionem — Lemma: remissio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object of vocabis; Translation: remission; Notes: Carries juridical force of release or liberation.
  7. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: modifies habitatoribus; Translation: to all; Notes: Emphasizes universal scope.
  8. habitatoribus — Lemma: habitator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine, third declension; Function: dative of recipients; Translation: inhabitants; Notes: Includes all settled residents without distinction.
  9. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, first declension; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the land; Notes: Grounds the command geographically.
  10. tuæ — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies terræ; Translation: your; Notes: Identifies the land as belonging to the addressed community.
  11. ipse — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of est; Translation: it itself; Notes: Adds emphatic identification.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States an identifying equation.
  13. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: explanatory connector; Translation: for; Notes: Supplies the rationale for sanctification.
  14. iubilæus — Lemma: iubilæus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: jubilee; Notes: Technical term naming the sacred cycle of release.
  15. Revertetur — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person singular future indicative; Function: main verb of result; Translation: will return; Notes: Expresses inevitable consequence of the jubilee proclamation.
  16. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, third declension; Function: subject of revertetur; Translation: man; Notes: Used generically for any individual.
  17. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates restoration to a prior state.
  18. possessionem — Lemma: possessio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: possession; Notes: Refers to hereditary property.
  19. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies possessionem; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive form ties possession back to the subject.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links two parallel restorative outcomes.
  21. unusquisque — Lemma: unusquisque; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of rediet; Translation: each one; Notes: Stresses individual application without exception.
  22. rediet — Lemma: redeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: will return; Notes: Near-synonym of revertetur, reinforcing certainty.
  23. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction; Translation: to; Notes: Repetition reinforces restoration language.
  24. familiam — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: family; Notes: Refers to kinship group and household identity.
  25. pristinam — Lemma: pristinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine positive degree; Function: modifies familiam; Translation: former; Notes: Indicates restoration to the original ancestral state.

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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