Numeri 27:18 (Numbers 27:18)

Posted on May 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 27:18 Dixitque Dominus ad eum: Tolle Iosue filium Nun virum in quo est Spiritus, et pone manum tuam super eum.

And the LORD said to him: “Take Josue son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and place your hand upon him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 eum him ACC.SG.M
5 Tolle take 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
6 Iosue Joshua INDECL
7 filium son ACC.SG.M
8 Nun Nun INDECL
9 virum man ACC.SG.M
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 quo whom REL.ABL.SG.M
12 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 Spiritus Spirit NOM.SG.M
14 et and CONJ
15 pone place 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
16 manum hand ACC.SG.F
17 tuam your POSS.ACC.SG.F
18 super upon PREP+ACC
19 eum him ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Narrative Clause: Dixitque Dominus ad eum — Dominus is the subject, Dixitque is the main verb, and ad eum identifies Moyses as the recipient of the command.

First Imperative Clause: Tolle Iosue filium Nun — direct command to take Josue son of Nun as the chosen successor.

Appositional Description: virum — stands in apposition to Iosue, further describing him.

Relative Clause: in quo est Spiritus — modifies virum, identifying Josue as a man possessing the Spirit.

Second Imperative Clause: et pone manum tuam super eum — command to perform the symbolic act of commissioning by the laying on of hands.

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: Perfect Active Indicative 3rd Person Singular with enclitic -que; Function: Main narrative verb; Translation: “and said”; Notes: Continues the narrative and introduces the LORD’s response.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative Singular Masculine; Function: Subject of Dixitque; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces the recipient of speech; Translation: “to”; Notes: Marks the addressee of the command.
  4. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of ad; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Moyses.
  5. Tolle — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present Active Imperative 2nd Person Singular; Function: Main imperative verb; Translation: “take”; Notes: Commands Moyses to appoint the designated successor.
  6. Iosue — Lemma: Iosue; Part of Speech: Proper Noun; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Direct object of Tolle; Translation: “Josue”; Notes: The future leader of Israel after Moyses.
  7. filium — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Apposition to Iosue; Translation: “son”; Notes: Identifies Josue’s family relationship.
  8. Nun — Lemma: Nun; Part of Speech: Proper Noun; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Genitive relationship reference; Translation: “Nun”; Notes: Father of Josue.
  9. virum — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Apposition to Iosue; Translation: “man”; Notes: Highlights Josue’s suitability for leadership.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the ablative; Function: Introduces the relative phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: Indicates possession or indwelling.
  11. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun; Form: Ablative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Refers back to Josue.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present Active Indicative 3rd Person Singular; Function: Verb of the relative clause; Translation: “is”; Notes: States a present reality about Josue.
  13. Spiritus — Lemma: spiritus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative Singular Masculine; Function: Subject of est; Translation: “Spirit”; Notes: Refers to the divine Spirit qualifying Josue for leadership.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects the two commands; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins appointment and commissioning.
  15. pone — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present Active Imperative 2nd Person Singular; Function: Main imperative verb; Translation: “place”; Notes: Commands the laying on of hands.
  16. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Feminine; Function: Direct object of pone; Translation: “hand”; Notes: Symbol of authority and commissioning.
  17. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun; Form: Accusative Singular Feminine; Function: Modifies manum; Translation: “your”; Notes: Refers specifically to Moyses’ hand.
  18. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces the object receiving the action; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Marks physical contact in the commissioning act.
  19. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of super; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Josue.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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