Numeri 27:22 (Numbers 27:22)

Posted on May 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 27:22 Fecit Moyses ut præceperat Dominus. Cumque tulisset Iosue, statuit eum coram Eleazaro sacerdote et omni frequentia populi.

Moyses did as the LORD had commanded. And when he had taken Josue, he placed him before Eleazar the priest and before the entire assembly of the people.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit did 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 ut as CONJ
4 præceperat had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
5 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
6 Cumque and when CONJ
7 tulisset had taken 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
8 Iosue Joshua ACC.SG.M
9 statuit placed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 eum him ACC.SG.M
11 coram before PREP+ABL
12 Eleazaro Eleazar ABL.SG.M
13 sacerdote priest ABL.SG.M
14 et and CONJ
15 omni entire ABL.SG.F
16 frequentia assembly ABL.SG.F
17 populi of people GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Fecit Moyses — Moyses is the subject and Fecit is the main verb.

Comparative Clause: ut præceperat Dominus — explains that Moyses acted in accordance with the LORD’s command.

Temporal Clause: Cumque tulisset Iosue — introduces the circumstance preceding the public presentation of Josue.

Main Action Clause: statuit eum — describes the formal placement of Josue before the nation’s authorities and congregation.

Prepositional Phrase: coram Eleazaro sacerdote — identifies the priestly authority before whom Josue is presented.

Coordinated Phrase: et omni frequentia populi — extends the public setting to include the entire assembled congregation.

Commissioning Context: The verse records Moyses’ obedience to the divine command and the public presentation of Josue before both priestly and national witnesses.

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect Active Indicative 3rd Person Singular; Function: Main verb; Translation: “did”; Notes: Indicates completed obedience to a command.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper Noun; Form: Nominative Singular Masculine; Function: Subject of Fecit; Translation: “Moyses”; Notes: Leader of Israel acting in obedience to the LORD.
  3. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Introduces a comparative clause; Translation: “as”; Notes: Indicates conformity with the divine command.
  4. præceperat — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Pluperfect Active Indicative 3rd Person Singular; Function: Verb of the comparative clause; Translation: “had commanded”; Notes: Refers to an instruction given previously by the LORD.
  5. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative Singular Masculine; Function: Subject of præceperat; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  6. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Conjunction with enclitic; Form: Indeclinable conjunction with enclitic -que; Function: Introduces a temporal clause; Translation: “and when”; Notes: Connects the narrative sequence and introduces a preceding action.
  7. tulisset — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Pluperfect Active Subjunctive 3rd Person Singular; Function: Verb of the temporal clause; Translation: “had taken”; Notes: Subjunctive used after temporal cum.
  8. Iosue — Lemma: Iosue; Part of Speech: Proper Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Direct object of tulisset; Translation: “Josue”; Notes: The designated successor of Moyses.
  9. statuit — Lemma: statuo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect Active Indicative 3rd Person Singular; Function: Main verb; Translation: “placed”; Notes: Refers to the formal presentation and commissioning of Josue.
  10. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Direct object of statuit; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Josue.
  11. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the ablative; Function: Introduces the audience before whom Josue is presented; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates public visibility and accountability.
  12. Eleazaro — Lemma: Eleazar; Part of Speech: Proper Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of coram; Translation: “Eleazar”; Notes: High priest of Israel.
  13. sacerdote — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Masculine; Function: Apposition to Eleazaro; Translation: “priest”; Notes: Identifies Eleazar’s office.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects audiences; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins priestly and national witnesses.
  15. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Ablative Singular Feminine; Function: Modifies frequentia; Translation: “entire”; Notes: Emphasizes the completeness of the gathered assembly.
  16. frequentia — Lemma: frequentia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Feminine; Function: Object of the understood coram; Translation: “assembly”; Notes: Refers to the gathered congregation.
  17. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine; Function: Genitive modifying frequentia; Translation: “of people”; Notes: Specifies that the assembly is the congregation of Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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