Genesis 1:25

Posted on January 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 1:25 Et fecit Deus bestias terræ iuxta species suas, et iumenta, et omne reptile terræ in genere suo. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum,

And God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds, and cattle, and every reptile of the earth in its kind. And God saw that it was good,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et And CONJ
2 fecit made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Deus God NOM.SG.M
4 bestias beasts ACC.PL.F
5 terræ of the earth GEN.SG.F
6 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
7 species kinds ACC.PL.F
8 suas, their own ACC.PL.F.POSS
9 et and CONJ
10 iumenta, cattle ACC.PL.N
11 et and CONJ
12 omne every ACC.SG.N
13 reptile creeping creature ACC.SG.N
14 terræ of the earth GEN.SG.F
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 genere kind ABL.SG.N
17 suo. its ABL.SG.N.POSS
18 Et And CONJ
19 vidit saw 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
20 Deus God NOM.SG.M
21 quod that CONJ.SUB
22 esset was 3SG.IMP.SUBJ.ACT
23 bonum, good NOM.SG.N

Syntax

Main Narrative: Et fecit Deus — completed creative act
Coordinated Direct Objects: bestias terræ, iumenta, omne reptile terræ
Classification Phrases: iuxta species suas (accordance), in genere suo (category)
Evaluation: Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum — divine approval in a content clause

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Links this clause to the prior narrative; Translation: “And”; Notes: Standard Biblical connective.
  2. fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: Main verb expressing completed creation; Translation: “made”; Notes: Perfective past marking a finished act.
  3. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject of the verb; Translation: “God”; Notes: The Creator as agent.
  4. bestias — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Direct object of fecit; Translation: “beasts”; Notes: Refers to wild land animals.
  5. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Genitive of specification with bestias; Translation: “of the earth”; Notes: Indicates habitat/domain.
  6. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces standard of conformity; Translation: “according to”; Notes: Sets the rule for classification.
  7. species — Lemma: species; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Object of the preposition iuxta; Translation: “kinds”; Notes: Categories or types.
  8. suas, — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Modifies species; Translation: “their own”; Notes: Reflexive possession; punctuation preserved.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Adds another direct object to the series; Translation: “and”; Notes: Paratactic style.
  10. iumenta, — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural neuter; Function: Direct object coordinated with bestias; Translation: “cattle” or “domestic animals”; Notes: Punctuation preserved.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Introduces the final coordinated object; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains list rhythm.
  12. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Modifies reptile as a universal; Translation: “every”; Notes: Distributive force.
  13. reptile — Lemma: reptile; Part of Speech: Noun (substantivized neuter); Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Direct object; Translation: “creeping creature”; Notes: Generic term for crawling animals.
  14. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Genitive of specification with reptile; Translation: “of the earth”; Notes: Differentiates from aquatic kinds.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing the ablative here; Function: Introduces classification setting; Translation: “in”; Notes: Denotes category or sphere.
  16. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative singular neuter; Function: Object of preposition in; Translation: “kind”; Notes: Class-level designation.
  17. suo. — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Ablative singular neuter; Function: Modifies genere; Translation: “its”; Notes: Punctuation preserved.
  18. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Introduces evaluative clause; Translation: “And”; Notes: Signals narrative step.
  19. vidit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: Main verb of evaluation; Translation: “saw”; Notes: Perception culminating the act.
  20. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject of vidit; Translation: “God”; Notes: Evaluator.
  21. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: Conjunction (subordinator); Form: Subordinating conjunction; Function: Introduces a content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: Takes the subjunctive verb.
  22. esset — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Imperfect subjunctive active, third person singular; Function: Verb within the content clause; Translation: “was”; Notes: Subjunctive after verb of perception/judgment.
  23. bonum, — Lemma: bonus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative singular neuter; Function: Predicate adjective complement; Translation: “good”; Notes: Punctuation preserved; formulaic divine approval.

 

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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