Genesis 1:24

Posted on January 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 1:24 Dixit quoque Deus: Producat terra animam viventem in genere suo, iumenta, et reptilia, et bestias terræ secundum species suas. Factumque est ita.

And God also said: Let the earth bring forth the living soul according to its kind, cattle, and reptiles, and beasts of the earth according to their kinds. And it was done so.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 quoque also ADV
3 Deus: God NOM.SG.M
4 Producat let bring forth 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
5 terra earth NOM.SG.F
6 animam soul ACC.SG.F
7 viventem living ACC.SG.F.PTCP.PRES.ACT
8 in in PREP+ABL
9 genere kind ABL.SG.N
10 suo, its ABL.SG.N.POSS
11 iumenta, cattle ACC.PL.N
12 et and CONJ
13 reptilia, reptiles ACC.PL.N
14 et and CONJ
15 bestias beasts ACC.PL.F
16 terræ of the earth GEN.SG.F
17 secundum according to PREP+ACC
18 species kinds ACC.PL.F
19 suas. their own ACC.PL.F.POSS
20 Factumque and it was done NOM.SG.N.PTCP.PERF.PASS+ENCL
21 est was 3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
22 ita. so ADV

Syntax

Speech Formula: Dixit quoque Deus
Main Command: Producat terra animam viventem — Jussive subjunctive
Classification Phrase: in genere suo — by kind
Enumerated Direct Objects:
• iumenta, reptilia, bestias terræ
Further Classification: secundum species suas
Completion Formula: Factumque est ita — creation completed

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: Introduces divine decree; Translation: “said”; Notes: Begins speech unit.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Function: Indicates addition to prior speech; Translation: “also”; Notes: Reinforces continuity.
  3. Deus: — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject; Translation: “God”; Notes: Punctuation preserved.
  4. Producat — Lemma: produco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present active subjunctive, third person singular; Function: Jussive command; Translation: “let [it] bring forth”; Notes: Earth personified.
  5. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Subject of command; Translation: “earth”.
  6. animam — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative singular feminine; Function: Direct object; Translation: “living being”; Notes: Basic life unit.
  7. viventem — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Present active participle, accusative singular feminine; Function: Describes animam; Translation: “living”; Notes: Active state.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing ablative; Function: Classifying manner; Translation: “in”; Notes: Distribution by kind.
  9. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative singular neuter; Function: Object of preposition; Translation: “kind”.
  10. suo, — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Ablative singular neuter; Function: Modifies genere; Translation: “its”; Notes: Punctuation preserved.
  11. iumenta, — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural neuter; Function: Direct object; Translation: “cattle/domestic animals”; Notes: Supports human labor.
  12. et — Conjunction coordinating next item.
  13. reptilia, — Lemma: reptile; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural neuter; Function: Direct object; Translation: “reptiles”; Notes: Low-creeping creatures.
  14. et — Conjunction linking last item in series.
  15. bestias — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Direct object; Translation: “beasts”; Notes: Wild animals.
  16. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Attribute modifying bestias; Translation: “of the earth”.
  17. secundum — Lemma: secundum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing accusative; Function: Standard of classification; Translation: “according to”.
  18. species — Lemma: species; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Object of secundum; Translation: “kinds”.
  19. suas. — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Modifies species; Translation: “their own”; Notes: Punctuation preserved.
  20. Factumque — Lemma: facio + que; Part of Speech: Participle with enclitic; Form: Nominative singular neuter perfect passive participle; Function: Passive periphrastic component; Translation: “and it was done”; Notes: Completion statement.
  21. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative active, third person singular; Function: Auxiliary verb; Translation: “was”.
  22. ita. — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: Adverb; Function: Indicates result; Translation: “so”; Notes: Final punctuation preserved.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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