Exodus 11:9

Posted on March 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 11:9 Et exivit a Pharaone iratus nimis. Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Non audiet vos Pharao ut multa signa fiant in Terra Ægypti.

And he went out from Pharao exceedingly angry. And the LORD said to Moyses: “He will not listen to you, so that many signs may be done in the Land of Egypt.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 exivit he went out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 a from PREP+ABL
4 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M
5 iratus angry NOM.SG.M.PERF.PTCP
6 nimis exceedingly ADV
7 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 autem however ADV
9 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
10 ad to PREP+ACC
11 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
12 Non not ADV.NEG
13 audiet he will hear 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 vos you ACC.PL
15 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
16 ut so that CONJ.SUBORD
17 multa many NOM.PL.N
18 signa signs NOM.PL.N
19 fiant may be done 3PL.PRES.SUBJ.PASS
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 Terra land ABL.SG.F
22 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

First Clause:
• Verb: exivit
• Subject (implied): Moses
• Prepositional Phrase: a Pharaone — source of departure
• Predicate Complement: iratus nimis — describes emotional state

Second Clause (Divine Speech):
• Verb: Dixit … Dominus
• Indirect Object: ad Moysen

Content Clause:
• Non audiet vos Pharao
• Subject: Pharao
• Verb: audiet
• Object: vos

Purpose Clause:
• ut multa signa fiant
• Verb: fiant (subjunctive)
• Subject: multa signa

Locative Phrase:
• in Terra Ægypti

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  2. exivit — Lemma: exeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he went out”; Notes: Moses is implied subject.
  3. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: “from”; Notes: separation marker.
  4. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Egyptian ruler.
  5. iratus — Lemma: irascor (via participial form); Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: predicate; Translation: “angry”; Notes: describes emotional state.
  6. nimis — Lemma: nimis; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifier; Translation: “exceedingly”; Notes: degree marker.
  7. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: narrative past.
  8. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adversative; Function: contrasts with previous clause; Translation: “however”; Notes: mild contrast marker.
  9. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates addressee; Translation: “to”; Notes: direction marker.
  11. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: object of ad.
  12. Non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative; Function: negates verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard negation.
  13. audiet — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb of clause; Translation: “he will hear”; Notes: predictive future.
  14. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “you”; Notes: Moses and Aaron.
  15. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of audiet; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: identified as the non-listener.
  16. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: “so that”; Notes: expresses divine intention.
  17. multa — Lemma: multus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of fiant; Translation: “many”; Notes: quantitative.
  18. signa — Lemma: signum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of fiant; Translation: “signs”; Notes: refers to miracles.
  19. fiant — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive passive 3rd plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may be done”; Notes: expresses intended outcome.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: geographical marker.
  21. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: physical territory.
  22. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies Terra; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: identifies location.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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