Exodus 12:41

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:41 Quibus expletis, eadem die egressus est omnis exercitus Domini de Terra Ægypti.

When these were completed, on the same day all the army of the LORD went out from the Land of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quibus when these ABL.PL.N/ABL.PL.M.REL
2 expletis having been completed ABL.PL.N.PPP
3 eadem the same ABL.SG.F.ADJ
4 die day ABL.SG.F
5 egressus went out NOM.SG.M.PPP.DEP
6 est was / did 3SG.PERF.IND.DEP
7 omnis all NOM.SG.M.ADJ
8 exercitus army NOM.SG.M
9 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 Terra Land ABL.SG.F
12 Ægypti Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Ablative absolute (temporal):
Quibus expletis — “When these were completed”
• Quibus = ablative plural relative pronoun
• expletis = perfect passive participle
• expresses time prior to the main action

Temporal phrase:
eadem die — “on the same day”

Main clause:
egressus est omnis exercitus Domini de Terra Ægypti
• egressus est = deponent perfect (“went out”)
• omnis exercitus Domini = subject (“all the army of the LORD”)
• de Terra Ægypti = origin phrase (“from the land of Egypt”)

Morphology

  1. Quibus — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine/neuter; Function: begins ablative absolute; Translation: “when these”; Notes: refers to the preceding events or years.
  2. expletis — Lemma: expleo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative plural perfect passive participle; Function: ablative absolute with quibus; Translation: “having been completed”; Notes: marks completed time.
  3. eadem — Lemma: idem; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “the same”; Notes: emphasizes simultaneity.
  4. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of temporal ablative; Translation: “day”; Notes: denotes specific day of departure.
  5. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle of deponent verb; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle (with active meaning); Function: part of deponent perfect verb; Translation: “went out”; Notes: expresses historical action.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: auxiliary verb; Form: perfect indicative third singular; Function: completes deponent perfect; Translation: “(he/it) did”; Notes: forms perfect tense.
  7. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies exercitus; Translation: “all”; Notes: totality of the host.
  8. exercitus — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “army”; Notes: refers to Israel as LORD’s organized people.
  9. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possesses exercitus; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: standard expression of departure.
  11. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “land”; Notes: geographical reference.
  12. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of place name; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: part of the locative expression.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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