Exodus 17:12

Posted on March 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 17:12 Manus autem Moysi erant graves: sumentes igitur lapidem, posuerunt subter eum, in quo sedit: Aaron autem et Hur sustentabant manus eius ex utraque parte. Et factum est ut manus illius non lassarentur usque ad occasum solis.

But the hands of Moyses were heavy; therefore taking a stone, they placed it under him, and he sat on it; but Aaron and Hur were supporting his hands from each side. And it came to pass that his hands were not wearied until the setting of the sun.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Manus hands NOUN.NOM.PL.F
2 autem but CONJ
3 Moysi of Moses NOUN.GEN.SG.M
4 erant were 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
5 graves heavy ADJ.NOM.PL.F
6 sumentes taking PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.PL.M
7 igitur therefore ADV
8 lapidem a stone NOUN.ACC.SG.M
9 posuerunt placed 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
10 subter under PREP+ACC
11 eum him PRON.PERS.ACC.SG
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 quo on which PRON.REL.ABL.SG.M
14 sedit he sat 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
15 Aaron Aaron NOUN.NOM.SG.M
16 autem but CONJ
17 et and CONJ
18 Hur Hur NOUN.NOM.SG.M
19 sustentabant were supporting 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
20 manus hands NOUN.ACC.PL.F
21 eius his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.M
22 ex from PREP+ABL
23 utraque each ADJ.ABL.SG.F
24 parte side NOUN.ABL.SG.F
25 Et and CONJ
26 factum it came to pass PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.N
27 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
28 ut that CONJ
29 manus hands NOUN.NOM.PL.F
30 illius his PRON.DEM.GEN.SG.M
31 non not ADV
32 lassarentur were wearied 3PL.IMP.SUBJ.PASS
33 usque until PREP+ACC
34 ad to PREP+ACC
35 occasum the setting NOUN.ACC.SG.M
36 solis of the sun NOUN.GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Manus autem Moysi erant graves — subject + predicate adjective expressing fatigue.
Participial Clause: sumentes igitur lapidem — circumstantial, describing the action taken by helpers.
Resulting Action: posuerunt subter eum, in quo sedit — sequential actions providing support.
Supporting Clause: Aaron autem et Hur sustentabant manus eius — ongoing supportive action.
Location Detail: ex utraque parte — describes symmetrical support.
Outcome Clause: Et factum est ut manus illius non lassarentur — result introduced by ut, with subjunctive.
Temporal Limit: usque ad occasum solis — duration until sunset.

Morphology

  1. Manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: hands; Notes: fourth-declension noun.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: mild contrast; Translation: but; Notes: narrative connector.
  3. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of Moses; Notes: Hebrew name.
  4. erant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: were; Notes: state description.
  5. graves — Lemma: gravis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: heavy; Notes: agrees with manus.
  6. sumentes — Lemma: sumo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative plural masculine; Function: describes helpers’ action; Translation: taking; Notes: circumstantial.
  7. igitur — Lemma: igitur; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: logical connector; Translation: therefore; Notes: inferential.
  8. lapidem — Lemma: lapis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of sumentes; Translation: stone; Notes: object taken.
  9. posuerunt — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main action; Translation: placed; Notes: completed supportive act.
  10. subter — Lemma: subter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: under; Notes: location marker.
  11. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of subter; Translation: him; Notes: refers to Moses.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative sense; Translation: in; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  13. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: on which; Notes: refers to stone.
  14. sedit — Lemma: sedeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: relative clause verb; Translation: he sat; Notes: Moses sits on stone.
  15. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: helper.
  16. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: contrast; Translation: but; Notes: marks shift.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds subject; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  18. Hur — Lemma: Hur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Hur; Notes: helper.
  19. sustentabant — Lemma: sustento; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: were supporting; Notes: ongoing supportive action.
  20. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: hands; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  21. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies manus; Translation: his; Notes: referring to Moses.
  22. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source/origin; Translation: from; Notes: used with phrase.
  23. utraque — Lemma: uterque; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies parte; Translation: each; Notes: distributive sense.
  24. parte — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: side; Notes: shows balance.
  25. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces result clause; Translation: and; Notes: narrative shift.
  26. factum — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: impersonal construction; Translation: it came to pass; Notes: classical idiom.
  27. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: completes impersonal phrase.
  28. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces result; Translation: that; Notes: governs subjunctive.
  29. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: hands; Notes: repeated.
  30. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies manus; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Moses.
  31. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates verb; Translation: not; Notes: emphatic.
  32. lassarentur — Lemma: lassor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect passive subjunctive 3rd plural; Function: result clause verb; Translation: were wearied; Notes: subjunctive required after ut.
  33. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces limit; Translation: until; Notes: temporal boundary.
  34. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: part of temporal expression; Translation: to; Notes: paired with usque.
  35. occasum — Lemma: occasus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: the setting; Notes: sunset as event.
  36. solis — Lemma: sol; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of the whole; Translation: of the sun; Notes: completes phrase.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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