Exodus 19:25

Posted on March 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 19:25 Descenditque Moyses ad populum, et omnia narravit eis.

And Moyses descended to the people and related all things to them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Descenditque and he descended 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 populum the people NOUN.ACC.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 omnia all things ADJ.ACC.PL.N
7 narravit he related 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 eis to them PRON.DAT.PL.M/F

Syntax

Main Clause:
Descenditque Moyses ad populum — subject Moyses, verb Descendit, prepositional phrase ad populum indicating direction.

Coordinated Clause:
et omnia narravit eis — verb narravit, object omnia, indirect object eis.

Morphology

  1. Descenditque — Lemma: descendo; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular with -que; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: and he descended; Notes: -que links this action to the preceding command.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: agent of both actions.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction toward object; Translation: to; Notes: standard motion preposition.
  4. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: the people; Notes: collective group addressed by Moses.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: marks narrative sequence.
  6. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of narravit; Translation: all things; Notes: refers to divine instructions.
  7. narravit — Lemma: narro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: he related; Notes: perfect tense fits narrative continuation.
  8. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object of narravit; Translation: to them; Notes: refers to the people below the mountain.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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