Exodus 30:14

Posted on March 21, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 30:14 Qui habetur in numero, a viginti annis et supra, dabit pretium.

He who is counted in the number, from twenty years old and above, shall give the price.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui he who NOM.SG.M PRON REL
2 habetur is held / is considered 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND 2ND CONJ
3 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
4 numero the number ABL.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
5 a from PREP+ABL INDECL
6 viginti twenty INVAR NUM
7 annis years ABL.PL.M NOUN 2ND DECL
8 et and CONJ INDECL
9 supra above ADV INDECL
10 dabit shall give 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
11 pretium the price ACC.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL

Syntax

Subject: Qui — “he who,” governing the entire clause.
Verb: habetur — passive: “is counted / is considered.”
Prepositional Phrase: in numero — specifies inclusion in the census register.
Ablative Phrase of Range: a viginti annis — starting age.
Adverb: supra — indicating all ages above the baseline.
Main Clause: dabit pretium — he shall give the required ransom-price.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of the clause; Translation: he who; Notes: introduces qualification for census obligation.
  2. habetur — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: is held / is considered; Notes: passive sense of being included in the count.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location phrase; Translation: in; Notes: idiomatic for “within the census.”
  4. numero — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: the number; Notes: indicates formal registration.
  5. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses starting point; Translation: from; Notes: used for ranges of age.
  6. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: numeral modifier; Translation: twenty; Notes: fixed cardinal number.
  7. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: complement of a; Translation: years; Notes: used for age expressions.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links phrase; Translation: and; Notes: connects age range.
  9. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies age phrase; Translation: above; Notes: indicates “and older.”
  10. dabit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: main verb of obligation; Translation: shall give; Notes: legal requirement for census ransom.
  11. pretium — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of dabit; Translation: the price; Notes: refers to the half-shekel ransom.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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