Exodus 32:33

Posted on March 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 32:33 Cui respondit Dominus: Qui peccaverit mihi, delebo eum de libro meo:

And the LORD replied to him: “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot him out of My book;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cui to whom DAT.SG.M PRON REL
2 respondit replied 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
4 Qui who NOM.SG.M PRON REL
5 peccaverit has sinned / will have sinned 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ 3RD CONJ
6 mihi against me DAT.SG PRON PERS
7 delebo I will blot out 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
8 eum him ACC.SG.M PRON PERS
9 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
10 libro book ABL.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
11 meo my ABL.SG.M ADJ POSS 1ST/2ND

Syntax

Main Clause:
Cui respondit Dominus — “To whom the LORD replied.”
• Cui = indirect object referring to Moses.
• respondit = perfect verb of divine reply.
• Dominus = subject, rendered “LORD” because it refers to YHWH.

Qui peccaverit mihi — “Whoever has sinned against Me.”
• qui introduces an indefinite relative.
• peccaverit = future perfect subjunctive expressing a general condition.
• mihi = ethical/possessive dative: “against Me.”

delebo eum — “I will blot him out.”
• delebo = future indicative.
• eum = direct object.

de libro meo — “from My book.”
• Ablative of separation after de.
• meo signals divine authorship.

Morphology

  1. Cui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of respondit; Translation: to whom; Notes: Refers contextually to Moses.
  2. respondit — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: replied; Notes: Perfect for a completed divine response.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH, translated “LORD” per your rule.
  4. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces indefinite relative clause; Translation: whoever; Notes: Generalizing subject.
  5. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has sinned / will have sinned; Notes: Future perfect subjunctive expresses general future condition.
  6. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: ethical dative; Translation: against Me; Notes: Dative used idiomatically with peccare.
  7. delebo — Lemma: deleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first singular future active indicative; Function: main predictive verb; Translation: I will blot out; Notes: Strong future promise of judgment.
  8. eum — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of delebo; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to the sinner in context.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: Standard with nouns of lists/books.
  10. libro — Lemma: liber; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: book; Notes: Understood as “book of life” in tradition.
  11. meo — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies libro; Translation: my; Notes: Indicates divine authorship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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