Exodus 37:13

Posted on March 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 37:13 Fudit et quattuor circulos aureos, quos posuit in quattuor angulis per singulos pedes mensæ

He also cast four golden rings, which he placed on the four corners, at each foot of the table

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fudit he cast 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 et and CONJ
3 quattuor four INDECL.NUM
4 circulos rings ACC.PL.M NOUN
5 aureos golden ACC.PL.M ADJ
6 quos which ACC.PL.M PRON.REL
7 posuit he placed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 in in / on PREP+ABL
9 quattuor four INDECL.NUM
10 angulis corners ABL.PL.M NOUN
11 per for each / through PREP+ACC
12 singulos each ACC.PL.M ADJ
13 pedes feet ACC.PL.M NOUN
14 mensæ of the table GEN.SG.F NOUN

Syntax

Main Clause:
Fudit et quattuor circulos aureos — “He also cast four golden rings.”
• Fudit = verb.
• quattuor circulos aureos = direct object.

Relative Clause:
quos posuit in quattuor angulis — “which he placed on the four corners.”
• quos = object referring to the rings.
• posuit = verb.
• in quattuor angulis = locative phrase.

Distributive Phrase:
per singulos pedes mensæ — “at each foot of the table.”
• per + accusative = distributive use.
• mensæ = genitive modifying pedes.

Morphology

  1. Fudit — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he cast; Notes: refers to metal casting.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins this action to the preceding one; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordinator.
  3. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: quantifier; Translation: four; Notes: cardinal numeral.
  4. circulos — Lemma: circulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: rings; Notes: structural hardware for carrying poles.
  5. aureos — Lemma: aureus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies circulos; Translation: golden; Notes: indicates material.
  6. quos — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of posuit; Translation: which; Notes: relates back to the rings.
  7. posuit — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: he placed; Notes: perfect narrative action.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in / on; Notes: static locative sense.
  9. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies angulis; Translation: four; Notes: numeral.
  10. angulis — Lemma: angulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: corners; Notes: refers to table corners.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: distributive phrase; Translation: for each; Notes: expresses distribution over multiple units.
  12. singulos — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies pedes; Translation: each; Notes: distributive adjective.
  13. pedes — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: feet; Notes: refers to the legs of the table.
  14. mensæ — Lemma: mensa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive; Translation: of the table; Notes: identifies the object whose feet are meant.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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