Exodus 38:22

Posted on March 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 38:22 quæ Beseleel filius Uri filii Hur de tribu Iuda, Domino per Moysen iubente, compleverat,

which Beseleel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Juda, had completed, with the LORD commanding through Moyses,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quæ which NOM.PL.N PRON.REL
2 Beseleel Bezalel NOM.SG.M NOUN.PROPER
3 filius son NOM.SG.M NOUN
4 Uri of Uri GEN.SG.M NOUN.PROPER
5 filii son GEN.SG.M NOUN
6 Hur of Hur GEN.SG.M NOUN.PROPER
7 de from PREP+ABL
8 tribu tribe ABL.SG.F NOUN
9 Iuda Judah ABL.SG.M NOUN.PROPER
10 Domino to the LORD ABL.SG.M NOUN
11 per through PREP+ACC
12 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M NOUN.PROPER
13 iubente commanding ABL.SG.M PTCP.PRES.ACT
14 compleverat had completed 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND

Syntax

Relative clause:
quæ … compleverat — “which … had completed.”
• quæ = relative pronoun (referring back to instrumena)
• compleverat = pluperfect active, completed action prior to previous verse context.

Subject phrase:
Beseleel filius Uri filii Hur — chain of nominatives and genitives marking ancestry.
• filius Uri = “son of Uri”
• filii Hur = “the son of Hur.”

Tribal identification:
de tribu Iuda — from the tribe of Judah.

Agency clause:
Domino … iubente per Moysen — “with the LORD commanding through Moses.”
• Domino iubente = ablative absolute
• per Moysen = mediating agent.

Morphology

  1. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: connects to instrumena; Translation: which; Notes: links back to previously listed items.
  2. Beseleel — Lemma: Beseleel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of compleverat; Translation: Beseleel; Notes: chief craftsman of the tabernacle.
  3. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Beseleel; Translation: son; Notes: genealogical formula.
  4. Uri — Lemma: Uri; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of relationship; Translation: of Uri; Notes: father of Beseleel.
  5. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive dependent on Hur; Translation: son; Notes: continues genealogical line.
  6. Hur — Lemma: Hur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: of Hur; Notes: ancestor of Beseleel from tribe of Judah.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: denotes origin; Translation: from; Notes: common in tribal identification.
  8. tribu — Lemma: tribus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: complement of de; Translation: tribe; Notes: indicates lineage origin.
  9. Iuda — Lemma: Iudas; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies tribu; Translation: Judah; Notes: royal tribe of Israel.
  10. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: with the LORD; Notes: context shows reference to YHWH.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks mediating agent; Translation: through; Notes: standard formula for divine command through Moses.
  12. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: Moses; Notes: mediator of divine instruction.
  13. iubente — Lemma: iubeo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular masculine present active participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: commanding; Notes: describes ongoing divine directive.
  14. compleverat — Lemma: compleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: had completed; Notes: expresses completion before the previous narrative reference point.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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