Leviticus 1:9

Posted on April 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 1:9 intestinis et pedibus lotis aqua: adolebitque ea sacerdos super altare in holocaustum et suavem odorem Domino.

and after the intestines and the feet have been washed with water, the priest shall burn them upon the altar as a holocaust and a sweet odor to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 intestinis intestines NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 3RD DECL
2 et and CONJ
3 pedibus feet NOUN, ABL.PL.M, 3RD DECL
4 lotis having been washed PTCP, PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.M/N
5 aqua with water NOUN, ABL.SG.F, 1ST DECL
6 adolebitque and he shall burn VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
7 ea them PRON, ACC.PL.N, DEM
8 sacerdos the priest NOUN, NOM.SG.M, 3RD DECL
9 super upon PREP+ACC
10 altare altar NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 3RD DECL
11 in as / in PREP+ACC
12 holocaustum holocaust NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
13 et and CONJ
14 suavem sweet ADJ, ACC.SG.M/F, POS
15 odorem odor NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
16 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: intestinis et pedibus lotis aqua — indicates prerequisite cleansing of sacrificial parts.
Main Clause: adolebitque ea sacerdos — the priest shall burn them as part of the ritual offering.
Locative/Directional Phrase: super altare — specifies where the burning occurs.
Purpose/Result: in holocaustum — expresses the nature of the offering: a whole-burnt offering.
Accusative of Respect: suavem odorem — indicates the effect produced, “a sweet odor.”
Dative of Advantage: Domino — the offering is directed to the LORD (YHWH).

Morphology

  1. intestinis — Lemma: intestina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: intestines; Notes: refers to internal organs of the sacrificial animal.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links elements of ablative absolute; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  3. pedibus — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: feet; Notes: includes lower limbs of the animal.
  4. lotis — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle ablative plural masculine/neuter; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having been washed; Notes: indicates ritual purification procedure.
  5. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: instrument; Translation: with water; Notes: standard ablative of means.
  6. adolebitque — Lemma: adoleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative + enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: and he shall burn; Notes: used specifically for burning sacrificial offerings.
  7. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of adolebitque; Translation: them; Notes: refers to intestines and feet.
  8. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the priest; Notes: identifies officiant.
  9. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: indicates location of sacrificial burning.
  10. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: refers to the bronze altar.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: as / into; Notes: used idiomatically for sacrificial classification.
  12. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: complement of in; Translation: holocaust; Notes: whole burnt offering.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates sacrificial descriptors; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive.
  14. suavem — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine/feminine; Function: modifies odorem; Translation: sweet; Notes: metaphorical anthropomorphic sacrificial description.
  15. odorem — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of implied est or sacrificial expression; Translation: odor; Notes: formulaic sacrificial terminology.
  16. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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