Leviticus 5:7

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:7 sin autem non potuerit offerre pecus, offerat duos turtures, vel duos pullos columbarum Domino, unum pro peccato, et alterum in holocaustum,

but if he is not able to offer livestock, he shall offer two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the LORD, one for sin and the other for a burnt offering,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sin but if CONJ
2 autem however CONJ
3 non not ADV
4 potuerit she is able VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
5 offere to offer VERB, PRES.ACT.INF
6 pecus livestock NOUN, ACC.SG.N
7 offerat she may offer VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
8 duos two ADJ, ACC.PL.M
9 turtures turtledoves NOUN, ACC.PL.M
10 vel or CONJ
11 duos two ADJ, ACC.PL.M
12 pullos young NOUN, ACC.PL.M
13 columbarum of pigeons NOUN, GEN.PL.F
14 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M
15 unum one PRON/ADJ, ACC.SG.N
16 pro for PREP+ABL
17 peccato sin NOUN, ABL.SG.N
18 et and CONJ
19 alterum the other PRON/ADJ, ACC.SG.N, CMPR
20 in in / as PREP+ACC
21 holocaustum a burnt offering NOUN, ACC.SG.N

Syntax

sin autem non potuerit offere pecus — conditional protasis: inability to offer livestock.
offerat duos turtures vel duos pullos columbarum Domino — apodosis prescribing alternative offerings.
unum pro peccato — designation of the sin offering.
et alterum in holocaustum — the second bird assigned as burnt offering.

Morphology

  1. sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional contrast; Translation: but if; Notes: commonly paired with autem.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds nuance; Translation: however; Notes: common in legal clauses.
  3. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: modifies potuerit.
  4. potuerit — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: expresses ability in conditional clause; Translation: she is not able; Notes: future-perfect in legal prescriptions.
  5. offere — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement of potuerit; Translation: to offer; Notes: infinitive of action.
  6. pecus — Lemma: pecus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of offere; Translation: livestock; Notes: sacrificial animals.
  7. offerat — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: apodosis giving command; Translation: she shall offer; Notes: legal subjunctive.
  8. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies turtures; Translation: two; Notes: numeral adjective.
  9. turtures — Lemma: turtur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of offerat; Translation: turtledoves; Notes: proper sacrificial birds.
  10. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternative; Translation: or; Notes: provides second option.
  11. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies pullos; Translation: two; Notes: parallel structure.
  12. pullos — Lemma: pullus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of offerat; Translation: young; Notes: refers to young birds.
  13. columbarum — Lemma: columba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: specifies species; Translation: of pigeons; Notes: genitive of kind.
  14. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  15. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of offerat; Translation: one; Notes: distinguishes offerings.
  16. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses purpose/benefit; Translation: for; Notes: indicates type of sacrifice.
  17. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: designates sin-offering.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects second designation; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates clauses.
  19. alterum — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: parallel object; Translation: the other; Notes: contrasts unum.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: as; Notes: indicates sacrificial role.
  21. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: complement of in; Translation: a burnt offering; Notes: technical sacrificial term.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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