Leviticus 10:2

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:2 Egressusque ignis a Domino, devoravit eos, et mortui sunt coram Domino.

And fire went out from the LORD, and consumed them, and they died before the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Egressusque and having gone out PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M+CONJ
2 ignis fire NOM.SG.M
3 a from PREP+ABL
4 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
5 devoravit consumed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
6 eos them ACC.PL.M
7 et and CONJ
8 mortui having died PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.PL.M
9 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
10 coram before PREP+ABL
11 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Participial Opening: Egressusque ignis — divine fire introduced with immediacy
Source Phrase: a Domino — origin from YHWH
Main Verb: devoravit — decisive act of judgment
Direct Object: eos — Nadab and Abiu
Result Clause: mortui sunt — resulting state expressed periphrastically
Locative Phrase: coram Domino — death occurring in the divine presence

Morphology

  1. Egressusque — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect nominative masculine singular; Function: participial modifier; Translation: and having gone out; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning introducing the action.
  2. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular third declension; Function: subject; Translation: fire; Notes: Instrument of divine judgment.
  3. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Marks origin.
  4. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  5. devoravit — Lemma: devoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: consumed; Notes: Total destruction by fire.
  6. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Nadab and Abiu.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the consequence.
  8. mortui — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle; Form: perfect nominative masculine plural; Function: predicate participle; Translation: having died; Notes: Deponent expressing resulting state.
  9. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: Forms a periphrastic expression with mortui.
  10. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: presence; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates location in the divine presence.
  11. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Emphasizes judgment before YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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