Leviticus 10:1

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:1 Arreptisque Nadab, et Abiu filii Aaron thuribulis, posuerunt ignem, et incensum desuper, offerentes coram Domino ignem alienum: quod eis præceptum non erat.

And Nadab and Abiu, the sons of Aaron, taking censers, they placed fire, and incense upon it, offering before the LORD foreign fire; which had not been commanded to them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Arreptisque and having taken PTCP.PERF.ACT.ABL.PL.M+CONJ
2 Nadab Nadab NOM.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Abiu Abiu NOM.SG.M
5 filii sons NOM.PL.M
6 Aaron Aaron GEN.SG.M
7 thuribulis censers ABL.PL.N
8 posuerunt they placed 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
9 ignem fire ACC.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 incensum incense ACC.SG.N
12 desuper upon it ADV
13 offerentes offering PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.PL.M
14 coram before PREP+ABL
15 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
16 ignem fire ACC.SG.M
17 alienum foreign ACC.SG.M
18 quod which REL.NOM.SG.N
19 eis to them DAT.PL.M
20 præceptum commanded PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.N
21 non not ADV
22 erat was 3SG.IMPF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: Arreptisque … thuribulis — circumstance preceding the action
Compound Subject: Nadab et Abiu filii Aaron — the acting priests
Main Verb: posuerunt — preparation of the offering
Direct Objects: ignem et incensum — materials placed in the censers
Participial Action: offerentes coram Domino — ritual presentation
Object with Modifier: ignem alienum — unauthorized offering
Relative Clause: quod eis præceptum non erat — lack of divine command

Morphology

  1. Arreptisque — Lemma: arripio; Part of Speech: verb participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect active participle ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: and having taken; Notes: Introduces the preparatory action.
  2. Nadab — Lemma: Nadab; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Nadab; Notes: Son of Aaron.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two names.
  4. Abiu — Lemma: Abiu; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Abiu; Notes: Son of Aaron.
  5. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine plural second declension; Function: apposition; Translation: sons; Notes: Identifies their familial role.
  6. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filii; Translation: of Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  7. thuribulis — Lemma: thuribulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural second declension; Function: ablative absolute complement; Translation: censers; Notes: Implements for burning incense.
  8. posuerunt — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they placed; Notes: Physical act of preparation.
  9. ignem — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: fire; Notes: Element placed in the censer.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the materials.
  11. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: incense; Notes: Aromatic substance for offering.
  12. desuper — Lemma: desuper; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adverbial modifier; Translation: upon it; Notes: Indicates placement atop the fire.
  13. offerentes — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine plural; Function: attendant circumstance; Translation: offering; Notes: Describes the ritual action.
  14. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: presence; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates presentation in the divine presence.
  15. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  16. ignem — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: fire; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
  17. alienum — Lemma: alienus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: modifies ignem; Translation: foreign; Notes: Unauthorized or strange.
  18. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the foreign fire.
  19. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to them; Notes: Nadab and Abiu.
  20. præceptum — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate with erat; Translation: commanded; Notes: Expresses divine authorization.
  21. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies authorization.
  22. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect active indicative; Function: copular verb; Translation: was; Notes: Completes the relative clause.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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