Leviticus 11:11

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:11 execrandumque erit, carnes eorum non comedetis, et morticina vitabitis.

and it shall be detestable, and you shall not eat their flesh, and you shall avoid carcasses.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 execrandumque and detestable NOM.SG.N+CONJ
2 erit it shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 carnes flesh ACC.PL.F
4 eorum of them GEN.PL.M
5 non not ADV
6 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
7 et and CONJ
8 morticina carcasses ACC.PL.N
9 vitabitis you shall avoid 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Predicate Judgment: execrandum erit — future declarative assigning ritual status
Primary Prohibition: carnes eorum non comedetis — ban on consumption
Coordinated Prohibition: et morticina vitabitis — avoidance of contact with dead flesh

Morphology

  1. execrandumque — Lemma: execrandus; Part of Speech: adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective with erit; Translation: and detestable; Notes: Strong cultic term expressing abhorrence.
  2. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: it shall be; Notes: Future declaration of legal status.
  3. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: flesh; Notes: Refers to edible substance forbidden.
  4. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine plural; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: of them; Notes: Points back to the unclean creatures.
  5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the command.
  6. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall eat; Notes: Prohibitive future.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two prohibitions.
  8. morticina — Lemma: morticinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: carcasses; Notes: Dead bodies associated with impurity.
  9. vitabitis — Lemma: vito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: you shall avoid; Notes: Command to keep distance from sources of defilement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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