Lv 11:18 et cygnum, et onocrotalum, et porphyrionem,
and the swan, and the pelican, and the purple gallinule,
| # |
Latin |
Gloss |
Grammar Tag |
| 1 |
et |
and |
CONJ |
| 2 |
cygnum |
swan |
ACC.SG.M |
| 3 |
et |
and |
CONJ |
| 4 |
onocrotalum |
pelican |
ACC.SG.M |
| 5 |
et |
and |
CONJ |
| 6 |
porphyrionem |
purple gallinule |
ACC.SG.M |
Syntax
Coordinator: et — continues the enumerated list of prohibited birds
Enumerated Objects: cygnum et onocrotalum et porphyrionem — additional birds included under the prohibition
Morphology
- et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links this group to the preceding list.
- cygnum — Lemma: cygnus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: swan; Notes: Large waterfowl included among the unclean birds.
- et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins items in the catalogue.
- onocrotalum — Lemma: onocrotalus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: pelican; Notes: Large aquatic bird associated with desolate places.
- et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the list.
- porphyrionem — Lemma: porphyrio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: purple gallinule; Notes: Marsh bird listed among the prohibited species.
About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus
Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546.
The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.