Leviticus 11:27

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:27 Quod ambulat super manus ex cunctis animantibus, quæ incedunt quadrupedia, immundum erit: qui tetigerit morticina eorum, polluetur usque ad vesperum.

Whatever walks upon its hands among all living creatures, that move as quadrupeds, shall be unclean; whoever touches their carcasses, shall be defiled until the evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod whatever REL.NOM.SG.N
2 ambulat walks 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 super upon PREP+ACC
4 manus hands ACC.PL.F
5 ex among PREP+ABL
6 cunctis all ABL.PL.N
7 animantibus living creatures ABL.PL.N
8 quæ which REL.NOM.PL.N
9 incedunt move 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
10 quadrupedia as quadrupeds ACC.PL.N
11 immundum unclean NOM.SG.N
12 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 qui whoever REL.NOM.SG.M
14 tetigerit touches 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
15 morticina carcasses ACC.PL.N
16 eorum their GEN.PL
17 polluetur will be defiled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
18 usque until PREP+ACC
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Identification: Quod ambulat super manus — subject defined by manner of movement
Partitive Scope: ex cunctis animantibus — restriction to a larger class
Relative Qualification: quæ incedunt quadrupedia — specifies the locomotion category
Legal Predicate: immundum erit — ritual status assigned
Consequential Clause: qui tetigerit morticina eorum polluetur — impurity by contact
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum — duration of impurity

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: whatever; Notes: Introduces a general legal category.
  2. ambulat — Lemma: ambulo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate verb; Translation: walks; Notes: Describes manner of movement.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates support or contact.
  4. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural fourth declension; Function: object of super; Translation: hands; Notes: Refers to forelimbs used for locomotion.
  5. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: among; Notes: Selects from a broader group.
  6. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifier of animantibus; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  7. animantibus — Lemma: animans; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: living creatures; Notes: Broad category of animals.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to animantibus.
  9. incedunt — Lemma: incedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: move; Notes: Formal verb for mannered movement.
  10. quadrupedia — Lemma: quadrupes; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: predicate complement; Translation: as quadrupeds; Notes: Specifies four-footed locomotion.
  11. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status designation.
  12. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Establishes ongoing legal force.
  13. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: Introduces a general human subject.
  14. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of conditional relative clause; Translation: touches; Notes: Expresses a general condition.
  15. morticina — Lemma: morticinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: carcasses; Notes: Dead bodies causing impurity.
  16. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to the animals just defined.
  17. polluetur — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: will be defiled; Notes: Ritual contamination by contact.
  18. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative with ad; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks duration.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the time expression.
  20. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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