Leviticus 11:28

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:28 Et qui portaverit huiuscemodi cadavera, lavabit vestimenta sua, et immundus erit usque ad vesperum: quia omnia hæc immunda sunt vobis.

And whoever carries such carcasses, shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean until the evening; because all these things are unclean for you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 qui whoever REL.NOM.SG.M
3 portaverit carries 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
4 huiuscemodi of this kind GEN.SG.INVAR
5 cadavera carcasses ACC.PL.N
6 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
8 sua his ACC.PL.N.POSS
9 et and CONJ
10 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M
11 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 usque until PREP+ACC
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M
15 quia because CONJ
16 omnia all NOM.PL.N
17 hæc these NOM.PL.N.DEM
18 immunda unclean NOM.PL.N
19 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
20 vobis for you DAT.PL

Syntax

Coordinating Link: Et — connects this rule to the prior regulations
Relative Subject: qui portaverit huiuscemodi cadavera — general legal subject defined by action
Main Consequence: lavabit vestimenta sua — prescribed purification act
Resulting Status: immundus erit — ritual condition incurred
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum — duration of impurity
Causal Clause: quia omnia hæc immunda sunt vobis — rationale for the regulation

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal discourse.
  2. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: Introduces a general case without specifying an individual.
  3. portaverit — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of relative conditional clause; Translation: carries; Notes: Describes an act that triggers impurity.
  4. huiuscemodi — Lemma: huiuscemodi; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular invariable; Function: modifier of cadavera; Translation: of this kind; Notes: Refers back to the previously listed animals.
  5. cadavera — Lemma: cadaver; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: carcasses; Notes: Dead bodies transmitting ritual impurity.
  6. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Mandated act of cleansing.
  7. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Items affected by contact.
  8. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: modifier of vestimenta; Translation: his; Notes: Reflexive reference to the subject.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links cleansing with resulting status.
  10. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Legal designation of impurity.
  11. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Establishes the state resulting from contact.
  12. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative with ad; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the endpoint of impurity.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the temporal phrase.
  14. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard terminus for ritual impurity.
  15. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal connector; Translation: because; Notes: Introduces justification.
  16. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes total inclusion.
  17. hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: modifier of omnia; Translation: these; Notes: Points to the defined categories.
  18. immunda — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Collective ritual status.
  19. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: are; Notes: States a general legal truth.
  20. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of reference; Translation: for you; Notes: Addresses the Israelite community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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