Leviticus 11:33

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:33 Vas autem fictile, in quod horum quidquam intro cecidit, polluetur, et idcirco frangendum est.

But a clay vessel, into which any of these things has fallen, shall be defiled, and therefore it must be broken.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vas vessel NOM.SG.N
2 autem but ADV
3 fictile earthen NOM.SG.N.ADJ
4 in into PREP+ACC
5 quod which REL.ACC.SG.N
6 horum of these GEN.PL.N
7 quidquam anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF
8 intro inside ADV
9 cecidit has fallen 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 polluetur will be defiled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
11 et and CONJ
12 idcirco therefore ADV
13 frangendum to be broken GERUNDV.NOM.SG.N
14 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Subject: Vas fictile — specific type of container
Relative Clause: in quod horum quidquam intro cecidit — condition defining contamination
Main Predicate: polluetur — legal state incurred
Result Clause: et idcirco frangendum est — required consequence
Periphrastic Necessity: frangendum est — obligation expressed by gerundive construction

Morphology

  1. Vas — Lemma: vas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: vessel; Notes: General term for a container.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: discourse contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Marks a specification within the law.
  3. fictile — Lemma: fictilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifier of vas; Translation: earthen; Notes: Indicates clay material subject to destruction.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial direction; Translation: into; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
  5. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to vas.
  6. horum — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: partitive modifier; Translation: of these; Notes: Refers to previously listed unclean items.
  7. quidquam — Lemma: quidquam; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: subject of cecidit; Translation: anything; Notes: Non specific contaminant.
  8. intro — Lemma: intro; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: locative modifier; Translation: inside; Notes: Emphasizes internal contact.
  9. cecidit — Lemma: cado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has fallen; Notes: Completed action causing contamination.
  10. polluetur — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: will be defiled; Notes: Ritual impurity assigned.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links consequence.
  12. idcirco — Lemma: idcirco; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: causal inference; Translation: therefore; Notes: Grounds the required action.
  13. frangendum — Lemma: frango; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate of obligation; Translation: to be broken; Notes: Expresses necessity due to impurity.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the periphrastic construction.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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