Leviticus 11:32

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:32 et super quod ceciderit quidquam de morticinis eorum, polluetur tam vas ligneum et vestimentum, quam pelles et cilicia: et in quocumque fit opus, tingentur aqua, et polluta erunt usque ad vesperum, et sic postea mundabuntur.

and upon whatever anything from their carcasses shall fall it, shall be defiled whether a wooden vessel or a garment or skins or haircloth; and in whatever a work is done, they shall be dipped in water, and shall be defiled until the evening, and thus afterward they shall be cleansed.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 super upon PREP+ACC
3 quod which REL.ACC.SG.N
4 ceciderit shall have fallen 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
5 quidquam anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF
6 de from PREP+ABL
7 morticinis carcasses ABL.PL.N
8 eorum their GEN.PL
9 polluetur will be defiled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
10 tam both ADV
11 vas vessel NOM.SG.N
12 ligneum wooden NOM.SG.N
13 et and CONJ
14 vestimentum garment NOM.SG.N
15 quam as well as ADV
16 pelles skins NOM.PL.F
17 et and CONJ
18 cilicia haircloths NOM.PL.N
19 et and CONJ
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 quocumque whatever REL.ABL.SG.N
22 fit is done 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
23 opus work NOM.SG.N
24 tingentur they shall be dipped 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND
25 aqua water ABL.SG.F
26 et and CONJ
27 polluta defiled NOM.PL.N
28 erunt they will be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
29 usque until PREP+ACC
30 ad to PREP+ACC
31 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M
32 et and CONJ
33 sic thus ADV
34 postea afterward ADV
35 mundabuntur they shall be cleansed 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND

Syntax

Opening Coordination: et — links this regulation to the preceding impurity laws
Prepositional Frame: super quod ceciderit quidquam de morticinis eorum — condition defining contact by falling
Main Predicate: polluetur — resulting state of impurity
Correlative Enumeration: tam vas ligneum et vestimentum quam pelles et cilicia — range of affected objects
Relative Locative Clause: in quocumque fit opus — any item used for work
Prescribed Action: tingentur aqua — ritual washing
Result and Duration: polluta erunt usque ad vesperum — temporary impurity
Final Resolution: sic postea mundabuntur — restoration to cleanliness

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal sequence.
  2. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates contact by falling onto.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of super; Translation: which; Notes: Introduces the affected object.
  4. ceciderit — Lemma: cado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have fallen; Notes: Prospective condition of contact.
  5. quidquam — Lemma: quidquam; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: subject of ceciderit; Translation: anything; Notes: Non specific contaminating matter.
  6. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin.
  7. morticinis — Lemma: morticinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of de; Translation: carcasses; Notes: Dead bodies causing impurity.
  8. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to the animals previously listed.
  9. polluetur — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: will be defiled; Notes: Declares ritual impurity.
  10. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: correlative; Translation: both; Notes: Paired with quam for equivalence.
  11. vas — Lemma: vas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject in enumeration; Translation: vessel; Notes: Utensil affected by impurity.
  12. ligneum — Lemma: ligneus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifier of vas; Translation: wooden; Notes: Material specification.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins items.
  14. vestimentum — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject in enumeration; Translation: garment; Notes: Clothing article.
  15. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: correlative with tam; Translation: as well as; Notes: Completes the correlative pair.
  16. pelles — Lemma: pellis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: subject in enumeration; Translation: skins; Notes: Animal hide materials.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues list.
  18. cilicia — Lemma: cilicium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject in enumeration; Translation: haircloths; Notes: Coarse woven fabrics.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links clauses.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces relative location.
  21. quocumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: whatever; Notes: Any applicable object.
  22. fit — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: is done; Notes: Describes use or function.
  23. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of fit; Translation: work; Notes: Any practical activity.
  24. tingentur — Lemma: tingo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future passive indicative; Function: prescribed action; Translation: they shall be dipped; Notes: Ritual washing by immersion.
  25. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: means; Translation: water; Notes: Instrument of purification.
  26. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links results.
  27. polluta — Lemma: pollutus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: defiled; Notes: Temporary impurity.
  28. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: they will be; Notes: States resulting condition.
  29. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative with ad; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Duration marker.
  30. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the time phrase.
  31. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard terminus of impurity.
  32. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces final outcome.
  33. sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner; Translation: thus; Notes: Indicates procedural sequence.
  34. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal; Translation: afterward; Notes: Following the stated duration.
  35. mundabuntur — Lemma: mundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future passive indicative; Function: final predicate; Translation: they shall be cleansed; Notes: Restoration to ritual purity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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