Leviticus 11:34

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:34 Omnis cibus, quem comedetis, si fusa fuerit super eum aqua, immundus erit: et omne liquens quod bibitur de universo vase, immundum erit.

Every food, that you eat, if water has been poured upon it, shall be unclean; and every liquid that is drunk from any vessel, shall be unclean.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnis every NOM.SG.M
2 cibus food NOM.SG.M
3 quem which REL.ACC.SG.M
4 comedetis you eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
5 si if CONJ
6 fusa poured NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
7 fuerit has been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
8 super upon PREP+ACC
9 eum it ACC.SG.M
10 aqua water NOM.SG.F
11 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M
12 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 et and CONJ
14 omne every NOM.SG.N
15 liquens liquid NOM.SG.N.PTCP.PRES.ACT
16 quod which REL.NOM.SG.N
17 bibitur is drunk 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
18 de from PREP+ABL
19 universo any ABL.SG.N
20 vase vessel ABL.SG.N
21 immundum unclean NOM.SG.N
22 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Subject: Omnis cibus — comprehensive category of food
Relative Qualification: quem comedetis — food intended for consumption
Conditional Clause: si fusa fuerit super eum aqua — condition of liquid contact
Main Predicate: immundus erit — resulting ritual status
Coordinated Clause: et omne liquens quod bibitur de universo vase immundum erit — parallel rule applied to liquids

Morphology

  1. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifier of cibus; Translation: every; Notes: Establishes total scope.
  2. cibus — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: food; Notes: Edible matter for consumption.
  3. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of comedetis; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to cibus.
  4. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: you eat; Notes: Future form expressing general instruction.
  5. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: if; Notes: Introduces a real condition.
  6. fusa — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative feminine singular perfect passive participle; Function: with fuerit in a perfect passive condition; Translation: poured; Notes: Agrees with aqua.
  7. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Prospective condition.
  8. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates contact from above.
  9. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to cibus.
  10. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of the conditional clause; Translation: water; Notes: Liquid causing impurity.
  11. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status of the food.
  12. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Establishes legal outcome.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links a parallel regulation.
  14. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifier of liquens; Translation: every; Notes: Universal scope.
  15. liquens — Lemma: liqueo; Part of Speech: present participle used substantively; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: liquid; Notes: Any drinkable fluid.
  16. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of bibitur; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to liquens.
  17. bibitur — Lemma: bibo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: is drunk; Notes: Passive expressing general use.
  18. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin of the liquid.
  19. universo — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: modifier of vase; Translation: any; Notes: Emphasizes inclusiveness.
  20. vase — Lemma: vas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of de; Translation: vessel; Notes: Container of liquid.
  21. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status of the liquid.
  22. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: States binding legal effect.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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