Leviticus 13:11

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:11 lepra vetustissima iudicabitur, atque inolita cuti. Contaminabit itaque eum sacerdos, et non recludet, quia perspicuæ immunditiæ est.

an inveterate leprosy shall be judged, and one ingrained in the skin. Therefore the priest shall declare him unclean, and he shall not confine him, because it is manifest uncleanness.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 lepra leprosy NOM.SG.F
2 vetustissima most ancient NOM.SG.F ADJ.SUPER
3 iudicabitur shall be judged 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
4 atque and also CONJ
5 inolita ingrained NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
6 cuti to the skin DAT.SG.F
7 Contaminabit shall declare unclean 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 itaque therefore ADV
9 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
10 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 non not ADV
13 recludet will confine 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 quia because CONJ
15 perspicuæ manifest GEN.SG.F ADJ.POS
16 immunditiæ of uncleanness GEN.SG.F
17 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Judgment: lepra vetustissima iudicabitur delivers the decisive classification in the future passive.
Appositional Description: atque inolita cuti further characterizes the condition as deeply embedded in the skin.
Resulting Action: Contaminabit itaque eum sacerdos states the priestly declaration flowing from that judgment.
Negative Procedure: et non recludet denies confinement as unnecessary.
Causal Clause: quia perspicuæ immunditiæ est provides the rationale of evident impurity.

Morphology

  1. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: leprosy; Notes: The disease under priestly assessment.
  2. vetustissima — Lemma: vetustus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine superlative; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: most ancient; Notes: Indicates long-standing duration.
  3. iudicabitur — Lemma: iudico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be judged; Notes: Formal priestly verdict.
  4. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds clarification; Translation: and also; Notes: Strengthens the description.
  5. inolita — Lemma: inolesco; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: ingrained; Notes: Conveys deep-rooted spread.
  6. cuti — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: complements inolita; Translation: to the skin; Notes: Marks the affected tissue.
  7. Contaminabit — Lemma: contamino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: shall declare unclean; Notes: Ritual pronouncement rather than physical action.
  8. itaque — Lemma: itaque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks inference; Translation: therefore; Notes: Signals logical consequence.
  9. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: The afflicted person.
  10. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: Authorized judge of purity.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: Joins consecutive rulings.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates verb; Translation: not; Notes: Denies the need for confinement.
  13. recludet — Lemma: recludo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: secondary ruling; Translation: will confine; Notes: Confinement is unnecessary due to certainty.
  14. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: introduces reason; Translation: because; Notes: Grounds the decision.
  15. perspicuæ — Lemma: perspicuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine positive; Function: modifies immunditiæ; Translation: manifest; Notes: Emphasizes obviousness.
  16. immunditiæ — Lemma: immunditia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: predicate complement; Translation: of uncleanness; Notes: Ritual impurity is unmistakable.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Confirms the evident status.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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