Leviticus 13:18

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:18 Caro autem et cutis in qua ulcus natum est et sanatum,

But the flesh and the skin in which an ulcer has arisen and has been healed,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Caro flesh NOM.SG.F
2 autem but ADV
3 et and CONJ
4 cutis skin NOM.SG.F
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 qua in which ABL.SG.F REL.PRON
7 ulcus ulcer NOM.SG.N
8 natum having arisen NOM.SG.N PTCP.PERF.PASS
9 est has been 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 et and CONJ
11 sanatum healed NOM.SG.N PTCP.PERF.PASS

Syntax

Topic Shift: Caro autem et cutis introduces a new diagnostic case, contrasted with what precedes.
Relative Clause: in qua restricts the flesh and skin to a specific location.
Relative-Clause Subject: ulcus is the subject within the relative clause.
Compound Predicate: natum est states that the ulcer has arisen, and sanatum adds the healed state as a second predicate linked by et.

Morphology

  1. Caro — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: flesh; Notes: Bodily tissue under priestly consideration.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Signals a new case category within the legal procedure.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates nouns; Translation: and; Notes: Links caro and cutis as a combined subject.
  4. cutis — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject with caro; Translation: skin; Notes: External surface considered together with underlying flesh.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces a locative relative phrase; Translation: in; Notes: Locative use pointing to the site of the prior wound.
  6. qua — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: refers back to cutis; Translation: in which; Notes: Anchors the clause to a particular area of skin.
  7. ulcus — Lemma: ulcus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: ulcer; Notes: A wound or lesion whose history affects the diagnosis.
  8. natum — Lemma: nascor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter perfect passive; Function: predicate participle with est; Translation: having arisen; Notes: Describes the ulcer as having come into being.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has been; Notes: Completes the perfect passive sense with natum.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates predicates; Translation: and; Notes: Joins two states of the same ulcer.
  11. sanatum — Lemma: sano; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter perfect passive; Function: predicate participle (elliptically continuing est); Translation: healed; Notes: Indicates recovery prior to any renewed assessment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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