Leviticus 13:30

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:30 et si quidem humilior fuerit locus carne reliqua, et capillus flavus, solitoque subtilior; contaminabit eos, quia lepra capitis ac barbæ est.

and if indeed the spot is lower than the remaining flesh, and the hair is yellow, and thinner than usual; he shall declare them unclean, because it is leprosy of the head and of the beard.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 quidem indeed ADV
4 humilior lower NOM.SG.M ADJ.CMPR
5 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
6 locus spot NOM.SG.M
7 carne flesh ABL.SG.F
8 reliqua remaining ABL.SG.F ADJ.POS
9 et and CONJ
10 capillus hair NOM.SG.M
11 flavus yellow NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
12 solitoque than usual and ABL.SG.M ADJ.POS
13 subtilior thinner NOM.SG.M ADJ.CMPR
14 contaminabit he shall declare unclean 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 eos them ACC.PL.M PERS.PRON
16 quia because CONJ
17 lepra leprosy NOM.SG.F
18 capitis of the head GEN.SG.N
19 ac and CONJ
20 barbæ of the beard GEN.SG.F
21 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Frame: et si quidem introduces the diagnostic alternative.
Comparative Assessment: humilior fuerit locus carne reliqua evaluates depth relative to surrounding flesh.
Hair Criterion: capillus flavus solitoque subtilior adds color and texture indicators.
Main Verdict: contaminabit eos states the priestly ruling.
Causal Identification: quia lepra capitis ac barbæ est classifies the condition.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal procedure.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: Sets a diagnostic test.
  3. quidem — Lemma: quidem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: emphasizes condition; Translation: indeed; Notes: Strengthens the hypothetical case.
  4. humilior — Lemma: humilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine comparative; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: lower; Notes: Indicates pathological depression.
  5. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary in condition; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive marks contingency.
  6. locus — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: spot; Notes: Refers to the affected area.
  7. carne — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of comparison; Translation: flesh; Notes: Standard of comparison.
  8. reliqua — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies carne; Translation: remaining; Notes: Surrounding healthy tissue.
  9. capillus — Lemma: capillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of description; Translation: hair; Notes: Key diagnostic indicator.
  10. flavus — Lemma: flavus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: modifies capillus; Translation: yellow; Notes: Discoloration associated with disease.
  11. solitoque — Lemma: solitus; Part of Speech: adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: ablative singular masculine positive; Function: ablative of comparison; Translation: than usual and; Notes: Enclitic -que links to the following comparative.
  12. subtilior — Lemma: subtilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine comparative; Function: modifies capillus; Translation: thinner; Notes: Texture change supports diagnosis.
  13. contaminabit — Lemma: contamino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: verdict verb; Translation: he shall declare unclean; Notes: Formal priestly judgment.
  14. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the examined persons.
  15. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: introduces reason; Translation: because; Notes: Grounds the ruling.
  16. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Disease classification.
  17. capitis — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: of the head; Notes: Specifies location.
  18. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates genitives; Translation: and; Notes: Joins two anatomical areas.
  19. barbæ — Lemma: barba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: of the beard; Notes: Facial hair region.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States the classification.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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