Leviticus 15:8

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:8 Si salivam huiuscemodi homo iecerit super eum qui mundus est, lavabit vestimenta sua: et lotus aqua, immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

If a man of this kind shall have cast his saliva upon one who is clean, he shall wash his garments; and having been washed with water, he shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 salivam saliva ACC.SG.F
3 huiuscemodi of this kind GEN.SG INDECL.ADJ
4 homo man NOM.SG.M
5 iecerit shall have cast 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
6 super upon PREP+ACC
7 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
8 qui who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
9 mundus clean NOM.SG.M ADJ
10 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
11 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
13 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
14 et and CONJ
15 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
16 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
17 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
18 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
19 usque until PREP
20 ad to PREP+ACC
21 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Si salivam huiuscemodi homo iecerit super eum qui mundus est sets the condition involving direct bodily contact through saliva.
Main Clause: lavabit vestimenta sua prescribes the required response.
Participial Circumstance: lotus aqua indicates the completed washing.
Temporal Result: immundus erit usque ad vesperum defines the duration of impurity.

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: Legal conditional marker.
  2. salivam — Lemma: saliva; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: saliva; Notes: Bodily fluid transmitting impurity.
  3. huiuscemodi — Lemma: huiuscemodi; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular invariable; Function: modifies homo; Translation: of this kind; Notes: Refers to the afflicted man.
  4. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: Person affected by the discharge.
  5. iecerit — Lemma: iacio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: shall have cast; Notes: Completed action producing impurity.
  6. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates contact.
  7. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of super; Translation: him; Notes: Person receiving contact.
  8. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Identifies the person as clean.
  9. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: clean; Notes: Ritual status before contact.
  10. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States current condition.
  11. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Required act of cleansing.
  12. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing exposed to impurity.
  13. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds subsequent state.
  15. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Washing does not immediately restore purity.
  16. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Medium of cleansing.
  17. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Temporary ritual impurity.
  18. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Establishes duration.
  19. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Sets endpoint.
  20. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time expressions.
  21. vesperum — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Daily terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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