Leviticus 15:11

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:11 Omnis, quem tetigerit qui talis est, non lotis ante manibus, lavabit vestimenta sua: et lotus aqua, immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

Everyone, whom one such as he shall have touched, without having washed the hands beforehand, shall wash his garments; and having been washed with water, he shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnis everyone NOM.SG.M ADJ
2 quem whom ACC.SG.M REL.PRON
3 tetigerit shall have touched 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 qui who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
5 talis such NOM.SG.M ADJ
6 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 non not ADV
8 lotis having been washed ABL.PL.F PERF.PASS.PTCP
9 ante before ADV
10 manibus hands ABL.PL.F
11 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
13 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
14 et and CONJ
15 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
16 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
17 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
18 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
19 usque until PREP
20 ad to PREP+ACC
21 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Head Subject: Omnis governs the entire regulation as a universal subject.
Relative Chain: quem tetigerit qui talis est identifies contact with a person of the described condition.
Ablative Absolute: non lotis ante manibus specifies the circumstance of unwashed hands.
Main Predicate: lavabit vestimenta sua prescribes the required action.
Resulting State: immundus erit usque ad vesperum defines the duration of impurity.

Morphology

  1. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: substantive subject; Translation: everyone; Notes: Universalizes the rule without exception.
  2. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of tetigerit; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers back to omnis.
  3. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have touched; Notes: Completed contact triggers impurity.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of the embedded clause; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces the qualifying description.
  5. talis — Lemma: talis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: such; Notes: Refers to the previously defined afflicted condition.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States an ongoing condition.
  7. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the washing of hands.
  8. lotis — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative plural feminine perfect passive; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Refers specifically to the hands.
  9. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates prior time relative to contact.
  10. manibus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: hands; Notes: Instrument of contact and transmission.
  11. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Mandated response to impurity.
  12. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing as a carrier of contamination.
  13. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds the personal consequence.
  15. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Washing does not remove same-day impurity.
  16. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Medium of ritual washing.
  17. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Temporary ritual status.
  18. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Declares the outcome.
  19. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the endpoint.
  20. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time expressions.
  21. vesperum — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard daily terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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