Leviticus 17:1

Posted on April 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 17:1 Et locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 locutus spoken PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
3 est is / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
7 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Narrative Connector: Et — links this divine speech to the preceding context
Main Predicate: locutus est — periphrastic perfect expressing completed speech
Subject: Dominus — YHWH as the speaker
Prepositional Object: ad Moysen — recipient of the divine word
Participial Extension: dicens — introduces the direct discourse that follows

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the narrative flow.
  2. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular (deponent); Function: verbal predicate with est; Translation: spoken; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has; Notes: Completes the perfect tense with locutus.
  4. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction toward; Translation: to; Notes: Marks the addressee.
  6. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: Recipient of divine revelation.
  7. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: saying; Notes: Introduces the speech content.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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