Leviticus 17:13

Posted on April 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 17:13 Homo quicumque de filiis Israel, et de advenis, qui peregrinantur apud vos, si venatione, atque aucupio ceperit feram vel avem, quibus vesci licitum est, fundat sanguinem eius, et operiat illum terra.

Any man whatsoever from the sons of Israel, and from the sojourners, who sojourn among you, if by hunting, or fowling he has taken a wild animal or a bird, which it is permitted to eat, he shall pour out its blood, and cover it with earth.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Homo man NOM.SG.M
2 quicumque whoever NOM.SG.M.REL
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
5 Israel Israel INDECL.NOUN
6 et and CONJ
7 de from PREP+ABL
8 advenis sojourners ABL.PL.M
9 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
10 peregrinantur sojourn 3PL.PRES.DEP.IND
11 apud among PREP+ACC
12 vos you ACC.PL.PRON.PERS
13 si if CONJ
14 venatione by-hunting ABL.SG.F
15 atque and-also CONJ
16 aucupio by-fowling ABL.SG.N
17 ceperit has-caught 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
18 feram wild-animal ACC.SG.F
19 vel or CONJ
20 avem bird ACC.SG.F
21 quibus which ABL.PL.F.REL
22 vesci to-eat INF.DEP
23 licitum permitted NOM.SG.N
24 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
25 fundat he-shall-pour-out 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
26 sanguinem blood ACC.SG.M
27 eius of-it GEN.SG.N.PRON.POSS
28 et and CONJ
29 operiat he-shall-cover 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
30 illum it ACC.SG.M.PRON.DEM
31 terra earth ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Subject: Homo quicumque — any individual person
Partitive Groups: de filiis Israel, de advenis — Israelites and resident foreigners
Relative Clause: qui peregrinantur apud vos — description of the sojourners
Conditional Clause: si … ceperit — circumstance of lawful capture
Instrumental Ablatives: venatione atque aucupio — means of capture
Object Pair: feram vel avem — types of prey
Qualifying Relative: quibus vesci licitum est — lawful for consumption
Jussive Commands: fundat + operiat — required ritual actions
Means and Result: sanguinem eius … terra — blood disposal and covering

Morphology

  1. Homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: Generic legal subject.
  2. quicumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies homo; Translation: whoever; Notes: Broadens scope universally.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Partitive sense.
  4. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural, second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: sons; Notes: Israelites by descent.
  5. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive in sense; Translation: Israel; Notes: Covenant people.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds a second group.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Parallel construction.
  8. advenis — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural, first declension; Function: object of de; Translation: sojourners; Notes: Resident foreigners.
  9. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to advenis.
  10. peregrinantur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative deponent; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: sojourn; Notes: Deponent form indicating settled residence.
  11. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: proximity; Translation: among; Notes: Close association.
  12. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of apud; Translation: you; Notes: Israel as host community.
  13. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: if; Notes: Introduces the condition.
  14. venatione — Lemma: venatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, third declension; Function: means; Translation: by hunting; Notes: Land-based pursuit.
  15. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: emphatic coordination; Translation: and also; Notes: Closely links activities.
  16. aucupio — Lemma: aucupium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: means; Translation: by fowling; Notes: Bird-catching.
  17. ceperit — Lemma: capio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: has caught; Notes: Legal conditional usage.
  18. feram — Lemma: fera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: wild animal; Notes: Non-domesticated prey.
  19. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: disjunction; Translation: or; Notes: Alternative object.
  20. avem — Lemma: avis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: bird; Notes: Winged prey.
  21. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of vesci; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to feram and avem.
  22. vesci — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present infinitive deponent; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to eat; Notes: Deponent verb.
  23. licitum — Lemma: licitus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: permitted; Notes: Expresses lawful status.
  24. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the predication.
  25. fundat — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: jussive command; Translation: he shall pour out; Notes: Ritual requirement.
  26. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: blood; Notes: Life-bearing element.
  27. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: modifies sanguinem; Translation: of it; Notes: Refers to the animal.
  28. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two commands.
  29. operiat — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: jussive command; Translation: he shall cover; Notes: Ensures proper disposal.
  30. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the blood.
  31. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, first declension; Function: means; Translation: earth; Notes: Covers the poured blood.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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