Leviticus 19:8

Posted on April 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 19:8 portabitque iniquitatem suam, quia sanctum Domini polluit, et peribit anima illa de populo suo.

and he shall bear his iniquity, because he has defiled the holy thing of the LORD, and that person shall perish from his people.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 portabitque and he shall bear 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 iniquitatem iniquity ACC.SG.F 3RD DECL NOUN
3 suam his own ACC.SG.F POSS.ADJ
4 quia because CONJ
5 sanctum holy thing ACC.SG.N POS ADJ
6 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
7 polluit he defiled 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 et and CONJ
9 peribit he shall perish 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 anima person / soul NOM.SG.F 1ST DECL NOUN
11 illa that NOM.SG.F DEM.PRON
12 de from PREP+ABL
13 populo people ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
14 suo his ABL.SG.M POSS.ADJ

Syntax

Main Result: portabitque (future indicative with connective enclitic)

Direct Object: iniquitatem suam (accusative object with possessive modifier)

Causal Clause: quia sanctum Domini polluit (reason stating the offense)

Coordinated Judgment: peribit (future indicative of consequence)

Subject: anima illa (demonstrative noun phrase)

Separation Phrase: de populo suo (prepositional phrase expressing removal)

Morphology

  1. portabitque — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active with enclitic conjunction; Function: announces inevitable consequence; Translation: and he shall bear; Notes: enclitic -que tightly links this penalty with the prior offense.
  2. iniquitatem — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular third declension; Function: direct object of portabit; Translation: iniquity; Notes: denotes moral guilt with legal consequences.
  3. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: modifies iniquitatem; Translation: his own; Notes: reflexive, placing responsibility solely on the offender.
  4. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: introduces the reason for punishment; Translation: because; Notes: grounds judgment in a specific violation.
  5. sanctum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter singular positive degree; Function: direct object of polluit; Translation: holy thing; Notes: refers to something consecrated to divine use.
  6. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular second declension; Function: genitive of possession modifying sanctum; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: rendered “LORD” for YHWH.
  7. polluit — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the causal clause; Translation: he defiled; Notes: perfect tense presents the act as completed and decisive.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links penalties; Translation: and; Notes: joins moral guilt with communal consequence.
  9. peribit — Lemma: pereo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: declares the final outcome; Translation: he shall perish; Notes: often denotes removal by death or expulsion.
  10. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular first declension; Function: subject of peribit; Translation: person / soul; Notes: legal idiom for the individual offender.
  11. illa — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies anima; Translation: that; Notes: marks the person as specifically identified and judged.
  12. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: indicates removal out of a group.
  13. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: people; Notes: refers to the covenant community.
  14. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies populo; Translation: his; Notes: stresses loss of one’s own communal standing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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