Leviticus 19:7

Posted on April 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

7 Si quis post biduum comederit ex ea, profanus erit, et impietatis reus:

If anyone eats of it after two days, he shall be profane and liable to impiety;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 quis anyone NOM.SG.M INDEF.PRON
3 post after PREP+ACC
4 biduum two days ACC.SG.N 2ND DECL NOUN
5 comederit shall have eaten 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
6 ex from PREP+ABL
7 ea it ABL.SG.F PERS.PRON
8 profanus profane NOM.SG.M POS ADJ
9 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 et and CONJ
11 impietatis of impiety GEN.SG.F 3RD DECL NOUN
12 reus guilty / liable NOM.SG.M POS ADJ

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Si quis comederit (conditional conjunction + future perfect verb)

Temporal Modifier: post biduum (prepositional phrase expressing time after a limit)

Partitive Phrase: ex ea (preposition with ablative indicating source)

Result Clause: profanus erit (future indicative stating consequence)

Coordinated Predicate: et impietatis reus (genitive of charge defining culpability)

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces a real conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: commonly paired with the future perfect in legal formulations.
  2. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of comederit; Translation: anyone; Notes: deliberately nonspecific to apply universally.
  3. post — Lemma: post; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces a temporal boundary; Translation: after; Notes: marks violation beyond an allowed time.
  4. biduum — Lemma: biduum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of post; Translation: two days; Notes: denotes a fixed two-day period.
  5. comederit — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: shall have eaten; Notes: future perfect emphasizes completed action prior to judgment.
  6. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: specifies participation in the prohibited remainder.
  7. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the sacrificial portion.
  8. profanus — Lemma: profanus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular positive degree; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: profane; Notes: denotes loss of sacred standing.
  9. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula in the result clause; Translation: shall be; Notes: expresses certain future consequence.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links predicates; Translation: and; Notes: joins moral status with legal liability.
  11. impietatis — Lemma: impietas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular third declension; Function: genitive of charge; Translation: of impiety; Notes: specifies the offense incurred.
  12. reus — Lemma: reus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: guilty / liable; Notes: legal term indicating culpability.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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