Genesis 22:10

Posted on January 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 22:10 Extenditque manum, et arripuit gladium, ut immolaret filium suum.

And he stretched out his hand and took hold of the sword, to sacrifice his son.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Extenditque and he stretched out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 manum hand ACC.SG.F
3 et and CONJ
4 arripuit he took hold of 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 gladium sword ACC.SG.M
6 ut to / in order that CONJ
7 immolaret he might sacrifice 3SG.IMPF.ACT.SUBJ
8 filium son ACC.SG.M
9 suum his ADJ.POSS.ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Extenditque manum et arripuit gladium — two coordinated verbs with shared subject (Abraham implied); manum and gladium serve as their respective objects.
Final Clause: ut immolaret filium suum — expresses intended purpose of the preceding actions, with ut introducing a subjunctive clause of purpose.
Verb Tense Relationship: perfect tense (extenditque, arripuit) shows completed preparatory actions; imperfect subjunctive (immolaret) denotes the intended but unfulfilled act.

Morphology

  1. Extenditque — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect indicative active third person singular with enclitic “-que”; Function: main verb; Translation: “and he stretched out”; Notes: Describes the moment of decisive movement toward sacrifice.
  2. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of extenditque; Translation: “hand”; Notes: The hand stretched out for the knife.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates actions; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links two narrative verbs.
  4. arripuit — Lemma: arripio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect indicative active third person singular; Function: second main verb; Translation: “he took hold of”; Notes: Conveys sudden, resolute action.
  5. gladium — Lemma: gladius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object of arripuit; Translation: “sword”; Notes: The instrument intended for the sacrifice.
  6. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces final clause; Translation: “to” or “in order that”; Notes: Expresses purpose rather than result.
  7. immolaret — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect subjunctive active third person singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “he might sacrifice”; Notes: Subjunctive after ut denotes intention, not fact.
  8. filium — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object of immolaret; Translation: “son”; Notes: Refers to Isaac as the intended offering.
  9. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective (possessive); Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: modifies filium; Translation: “his”; Notes: Reflexive possessive referring to Abraham himself.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Genesis. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.