Numeri 10:14 (Numbers 10:14)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:14 Filii Iuda per turmas suas: quorum princeps erat Nahasson filius Aminadab.

The sons of Juda by their companies, whose leader was Nahasson the son of Aminadab.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
2 Iuda Judah INDECL
3 per by PREP+ACC
4 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
5 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
6 quorum whose GEN.PL.M.REL
7 princeps leader NOM.SG.M
8 erat was 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
9 Nahasson Nahshon INDECL
10 filius son NOM.SG.M
11 Aminadab Amminadab INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause (elliptical): Filii Iuda (subject implied in a list context) + per turmas suas (prepositional phrase indicating arrangement).

Relative Clause: quorum princeps erat Nahasson filius Aminadab — provides identifying information about leadership.

Phrase: per turmas suas — expresses grouping or organization.

Phrase: filius Aminadab — appositional phrase identifying lineage.

Morphology

  1. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject in list construction; Translation: sons; Notes: Introduces a tribal grouping.
  2. Iuda — Lemma: Iuda; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Judah; Notes: Identifies the tribe.
  3. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces manner; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates organization.
  4. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Refers to divisions.
  5. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive to subject.
  6. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers back to Filii.
  7. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of erat; Translation: leader; Notes: Denotes chief or ruler.
  8. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: was; Notes: Describes ongoing past state.
  9. Nahasson — Lemma: Nahasson; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Nahasson; Notes: Name of the leader.
  10. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: son; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  11. Aminadab — Lemma: Aminadab; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Aminadab; Notes: Identifies the father.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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